Charles A. Dinarello

Charles Dinarello ( born April 22, 1943 in Boston) is an American doctor and since the mid- 1970s, researchers in the field of cytokines, particularly interleukin -1 and tumor necrosis factor. He is regarded as the "founding father" of cytokine biology.

Career

Charles Dinarello studied medicine at Boston University, where in 1965 he earned a bachelor's degree and then at Yale University. There he acquired in 1969 following a study on the causes for the occurrence of fever doctoral degrees. He then worked for two years at the Massachusetts General Hospital and from 1971 to 1977 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda. As an Assistant Professor ( 1977-1982 ) at Sheldon Wolff ( 1928-2008 ) and then as a professor of medicine and pediatrics, he worked at Tufts University in Boston and the New England Medical Center Hospital in Boston before to 1996 as professor the School of Medicine of the University of Colorado at Denver moved, whose faculty he belongs ever since.

Research Topics

Even his doctoral thesis devoted Charles Dinarello 1969 the endogenous proteins of the liver, leading to the introduction of fever. The molecular structure of what was then known as endogenous pyrogens leukocytic at the time was still unknown. In 1974, Dinarello prove the first that these leukocytic pyrogens consist of two distinct groups of molecules; whose present name is interleukin- 1α and interleukin- 1β. Dinarello 1977 succeeded to prove that high-purity leukocytic pyrogens of man also can cause high fever in rabbits, and still traces of 25 nanograms per kilogram of body weight; furthermore, that the same protein, the lymphocytes from mice activated. In 1979, the evidence of Dinarello pyrogen at an international conference on the standardization of nomenclature - as first described - interleukin -1 named.

From various research groups beginning of the 1980s it was demonstrated that the putative interleukin -1 protein can not only cause fever, but for example also plays a role in septic shock and during sleep, cause anorexia and muscle wasting and the insulin-producing β - cells the pancreas can cause harm. Therefore, it was widely doubted that a single molecule can have such a seemingly non-specific effects in the immune system. As of February 1982, Dinarello has been released from the medical commitment to patient care, so that he found time to try to clone the codiende for interleukin -1 gene - which is meant to enter unknown territory again, because efficient methods for DNA sequencing were only developed in 1977 and 1982, three human genes had been isolated only. However, early in December 1984 its working group published the DNA sequence of interleukin- 1β, which meant that the diverse effects of the protein could now be definitively proven.

In the following years Dinarello identified other interleukins, he explored their interaction with the tumor necrosis factor and established the use of interleukin -1 inhibitors for therapy. Applied interleukin-1 inhibitors, for example in the treatment of patients with inflammatory symptoms such as periodic gout, type 2 diabetes, and multiple myeloma as well as in children, suffering from a certain severe form of arthritis.

Charles Dinarello published more than 600 original papers on cytokines. He is also an expert in the study of anti-inflammatory effects of omega -3 fatty acids.

Awards

Dinarello 1993 was honored for his contributions to the field of infectious diseases and cytokines with the Ernst Jung Prize; the total prize money ( $ 125,000 ), he donated universities and research institutes in the United States and in Israel and founded the Sheldon M. Wolff Professorship at Tufts University in honor of his mentor. In 1996 he received the Ludwig- Heilmeyer Gold Medal of the German Society of Internal Medicine. Other awards included the International Chirone Prize of the Italian National Academy of Medicine, the Carol Nachman Prize for Rheumatology, the Sheikh Hamdan bin al Maktoum Award Rashdid (United Arab Emirates) and the Beering Award (USA).

Dinarello 2009 received the Albany Medical Center Prize and the Crafoord Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Him in Frankfurt am Main, the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize was awarded in March 2010.

Charles Dinarello an honorary doctorate from the University of Marseille, Frankfurt University and the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel. He is also a member of the Control Commission of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and numerous other scientific papers.