Commuter aircraft

A commuter aircraft (english Commuter Aircraft feeder or liner) is a smaller short-haul airliner for a maximum of 19 passengers and a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW ) of 8618 kg ( 19,000 lbs). But some types are used with greater capacity and take-off mass in this role International. Just occasionally smaller machines are used as commuter category airplanes that have only 6 to 10 seats depending on the type.

The next largest class of commercial aircraft for use on short-haul regional airliner is called or regional aircraft.

History

The need for specifically designed for feeder services aircraft was still formulated in 1943 during the Second World War by the Brabazon Committee in the UK who called this type feeder liner (english feeder = " feeder " or " feeder "). There a few types, such as the de Havilland DH104 Dove and Handley Page Marathon were (originally Miles M.60 Marathon ) developed, of which, however, later only had the former success.

This airliner type experienced only in the 1950s in the United States the first real major use in commercial aviation. As one of the first specially constructed for this purpose aircraft for use as a shuttle around the world applies the advanced from the DH104 Dove four-engined de Havilland DH114 Heron, which had its maiden flight in 1950 and was used in 30 countries. The Heron was flown including in Europe, the USA and Canada and Australia and formed the basis for some upgrades on their base. Another specially developed for this purpose in the late 1960s, not only in North America known machine is the Fairchild Swearingen Metro.

New concrete requirements for commuter category airplanes emerged in the 1970s, again in the U.S., as the hub and spoke structure ( English for " hub and spoke" ) interspersed with hubs or nodes in commercial aviation. For commuting (English commute ) between smaller end nodes and central nodes were short-haul aircraft needed for about 15 passengers.

Then, the aviation authorities developed such as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) adapted for this class of aircraft licensing requirements. For example, the approval requirements of CS-23 (Certification Specifications ) EASA Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes treated with a maximum of 19 seats ( without crew ) and a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW ) of 8618 kg ( 19,000 lbs).

It also larger machines to be used around the world but the 30 seats and thus more capacity or smaller than commuter category airplanes that have only 6 to 10 seats depending on the type.

Known Types

Used types

  • Antonov An -14 Ptschelka
  • Antonov An-28
  • BAe Jetstream
  • Beechcraft 99
  • Beechcraft 1900
  • Britten- Norman Trislander
  • CASA CN -235 (also C -235 )
  • Cessna 208 Grand Caravan
  • Cessna 402
  • Cessna 404 Titan
  • De Havilland Canada DHC- 6 Twin Otter
  • De Havilland Canada DHC -7 Dash 7
  • Dornier Do 228
  • Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante
  • Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
  • Fairchild Swearingen Metro
  • GAF Nomad
  • Gippsland GA -8 Airvan
  • Handley Page Jetstream
  • Harbin Y -12
  • Let L -410 Turbolet
  • NAL Saras
  • Piper PA -31 Navajo
  • Short Skyvan SC.7

Historical types

  • De Havilland Dove D.H.104
  • Handley Page Marathon ( ex Miles M.60 Marathon )
  • De Havilland Heron D.H.114
  • Saunders ST -27 ( turboprop conversion of the de Havilland Heron)
  • De Havilland Australia DHA -3 Drover
Pound (mass) Transport hub Britten-Norman Trislander GippsAero GA8 Airvan Harbin Y-12 Saunders ST-27 De Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover
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