Danishmends

The dynasty of the Danishmends (Turkish Danişmendliler ) was a Turkmen dynasty in eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were the main rivals of the Sultanate of Rum

History

The dynasty was founded by Danishmend Ghazi, who led the Persian title Danishmend, a name for a scholar. The Danishmends - state was a state - Gazi, a mercenary / warrior dictatorship, and not a monarchy as their Seljuk neighbors. They established their rule in Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, in which the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire, and after they had conquered almost the whole of Anatolia. The mythical ancestor of the Danischmaniden is Battal Ghazi, who fought against Byzantium in the 9th century. His actions are described in the Battal - Nameh.

The Danishmends ruled the region between Sivas and Malatya ( Melitene ). Kılıç Arslan I. 1097 fought the Danishmends at Melitene, while the Crusaders took advantage of his absence to conquer his capital Nicaä. The Seljuks and the Danishmends then allied themselves against the Crusaders, but were defeated at the Battle of Eskisehir from them.

In 1100 Danishmend Ghazi Bohemond of Taranto took prisoner, who remained in his power to 1103. A Seljuk - danischmendische alliance was also responsible for the demolition of the Crusade of 1101, his residence einrichtete in Konya after the end of Kılıç Arslan and the battles against the Danishmends resumed.

The Danishmends were probably also involved in the overthrow of Kılıç Arslan's son Malik Shah I.. They reduced the Sultanate of Rum Seljuk Konya and its immediate surroundings.

1130 was killed in a battle against the Danishmends Emir Gümüştegin Bohemund II of Antioch. Gümüştegin died in 1134, his successor Mohammed was weak, after his death in 1140 began the decline of the Danischmendenstaats, who eventually fell under the control of the resurgent Seljuks.

In 1155, Kılıç Arslan II Yaghi - Basan attacked, the nachsuchte at Nur ad-Din for help, the Zengids Emir of Mosul. Nur ad -Din conquered by troops from Melitene and with the support of the small Armenian ruler Mleh 1173 Maras, Behesni and finally Sivas, where he used 'Abd -al- Massih, the former governor of Mosul as an administrator. He was then apparently an agreement with Kılıç Arslan II and retired to Damascus, where he died in May 1174. The field of Danishmends was after the Seljuk victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Myriokephalon ( 1176 ) incorporated into the Empire of the Seljuks.

Culture

In the 12th century danischmanidische coins bear both Arabic and Greek inscriptions.

List of rulers

  • Danishmend Ghazi: 1097 - 1104
  • Emir Ghazi Gümüştegin: 1104 - 1134
  • Malik Ghazi Mehmet: 1134 - 1142
  • Malik Yaghi - Basan: 1142 - 1164
  • Malik Ghazi Mücahid: 1164-1166
  • Malik Ibrahim: 1166-1166
  • Malik Ismail: 1166-1166
  • Malik Zünnun: 1172-1174
  • Ayn el- Devle: 1142-1152
  • Zülkarneyn: 1152-1162
  • Mohammed Nasreddin: 1162-1170
  • Fahreddin: 1170-1172
  • Afridun: 1172-1175
  • Nasreddin Mohammed: 1175-1178 ( Second time )
11th century Danishmend Gazi Malik Shah (Rûm) Bohemond II of Antioch Mleh, Prince of Armenia
216482
de