Danube Banovina

The Danube Banovina ( serbokroat. Dunavska banovina, kyrill. Дунавска бановина ) was one of nine Banats of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, which were formed on 3 October 1929. The capital city, de facto the provincial capital, Novi Sad was. The Banovina consisted of the present-day Vojvodina, the central part of Šumadija and Baranja in Croatia today. They were named after the Danube Banovina.

The area of the Danube Banovina was about 31,479 km ². The main cities were Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Subotica, Zrenjanin (then Petrovgrad by Peter I ), Požarevac, Smederevo, Sombor, Kikinda, inter alia, Amidst the Banovina there was the Yugoslav capital Belgrade, which was organized as an independent prefecture and not part of the Banovina.

Population

According to the census of 1931, the Danube Banovina had a population of 2,387.495 people. Yugoslavs Orthodox faith were 54.9 % of the population, Yugoslavs Roman Catholic 35.3%, Protestant denominations and Yugoslavs 7.9%.

According to their mother tongue ( in kdm Yugoslavia censuses were not conducted by nationality, but according to the language, there were Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks summarized in the Serbo-Croatian language ) Yugoslavs made ​​with Serbo-Croatian mother language, Serbs and Croats, 56.9 %, Hungary 18.2% and 16.3% of the German population. The remainder was divided between Slovaks, Romanians, Ruthenians, Roma and others.

Economy

The Danube Banovina was considered the most important Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It included the Vojvodina not only the " breadbasket " of Yugoslavia, but also the central regions of the northern central Serbia with important ore and armories. For example, there were four of the five aircraft industries of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as Icarus or Rogožarski, or the only automotive industry, the Zastava later, in the Danube Banovina.

History

The Danube Banovina was created in 1929 with the reorganization of the Yugoslav state from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. , Under Alexander I. It was originally intended to form the Danube Banovina in the area of ​​today's Vojvodina and Baranja. However, in this area the Serbs, although almost 40 %, the largest ethnic group were ( according to the 1923 census, about 32 %, according to the 1931 about 38 %) had, but not the absolute majority of the population, the Danube Banovina to the Šumadija was extended, bringing a Serbian population share of about 50 % resulted.

The population diversity in the Banovina promoted one hand, a cultural exchange; other hand, it was also the target of various nationalist forces, the demands for revision of Hungary, claims nationalist Croats to Srem and Bačka ( in Syrmia membership has been argued to Ccb Croatia - Slavonia until 1918, in the Bačka turn to the Roman Catholic faith ), nationalist Romanians in the Banat ( as part of a Greater Romania ), as well as nationalist Serbs ( who sought to defend the hegemonic position of the Serbs ). With the rise of the Hitler regime and the Nazi influence grew among the Banaterdeutschen.

With the establishment of the Croatian Banovina in 1939 were smaller areas with Sid and Ilok in the west to the new Banovina. After the attack of Hitler's regime to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the capitulation of Yugoslavia in 1941, the Danube Banovina was dissolved. Srem was with Novi Sad added to the Ustasha state and the Backa Hungary Horthy 's. The southern, that is, zentralserbische part came to the protectorate Serbia. The Banat came nominiell to Serbia, but remained under direct administration of the Hitler regime. After the war, the Republic of Serbia was founded with the autonomous province of Vojvodina, and formed as a federal republic in communist Yugoslavia, Banovina Danube was not renewed.