Dodonaea viscosa

Foliage and flowers

Dodonaea viscosa is a perennial plant of the family of Soapberry ( Sapindaceae ). Dodonaea viscosa is as cosmopolitan in tropical, subtropical and temperate climates.

Description

Dodonaea viscosa grows as evergreen shrub with strong verzweigtet growth heights of 1-3 meters or less frequently than small tree stature heights of up to 9 meters. The trunk diameter reaches up to 30 cm. The branches, twigs, leaves and inflorescences are sticky (hence the epithet viscosa for sticky). The bark is dark brown and dissolves into long, thin strips from. The thin and light -edged branches have a light brown, bare bark. The hard and heavy wood is yellow - brown and it is more than little black heartwood available.

The alternate arranged on the branches, very short -stalked leaves are from a length of 3 to 9 cm and a width of 0.5 to 2 cm reversed - lanceolate to spatulate, yellow- green, glabrous and but a sticky, resinous substance especially while they are young.

Dodonaea viscosa is dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ) or there is Subdiözie. From September to January are together the flowers in terminal, about 2.5 to 3 cm long, paniculate inflorescences. The flower stalk is 4-8 mm long. The small, functionally unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and about 6 mm long. The three to five tough, greenish- yellow, fluffy hairy sepals are ovate and fused at their base with a length of 3 mm. Petals absent. In the male flowers six to eight or ten free fertile stamens with almost sessile, elongated with a length of 2 to 5 mm anthers are present, which are sparsely hairy at the top. The discus is ring - shaped and cushion. In female flowers rudimentary stamens in male flowers and a rudimentary ovary are present. The draft tube is hairy ovary 2.2 mm long and sparse. The approximately 3 mm long stylus is tiny papillae and ends in a three - or vierästigen scar.

The membranous, two to vierfächerige, edged on the back capsule fruit has a length of 1.2 to 1.4 cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 1.9 cm a swollen, rounded shape and sometimes ripens from November, often from January to March and turns it bright red or maroon or remains green. The capsule fruit usually has three or four, and sometimes two paper-like blades that are spread out up to 2 cm. A capsule fruit contains one to four seeds. The elliptical with a length of about 3 to 4 mm to nearly spherical seeds are black.

Naming

The English common name " hopbush " ( translates to " hop bush ' ) used for all species of the genus Dodonaea. For Dodonaea viscosa are in the southwestern U.S. " canyon hopbush ", " hopseed ", " hopseed bush" in use.

Trivial names for Dodonaea viscosa in Australia are: "broad leaf hopbush ", " candle wood", "giant hopbush ", " narrow leaf hopbush ", "sticky hopbush ", " native hop bush", "soap wood", " switchsorrel ", "wedge leaf hopbush ", and " native hop ".

Other common names are: aalii, ' a'ali'i -ku ma kua and ' a'ali'i ku makani on (Hawaii), Akeake (New Zealand Māori on forever ), Lampuaye ( Guam); Mesechelangel ( Palau ); Chirca (Uruguay, Argentina); Romerillo ( Sonora, Mexico); Jarilla ( Southern Mexico); Hayuelo (Colombia ); Ch'akatea (Bolivia ); Casol caacol (in the language of the Mexican Seri ).

Use

The heartwood is very hard, heavy and durable.

The New Zealand Māori used the heartwood for the production of clubs and other weapons. The Hawaiian natives made ​​pou ( house posts ) and spears, LAAU melomelo (fish bait) and Oo ( grave poles) from the wood, and took of the fruit of a red dye. The people of the Seri in Mexico uses this plant also medically.

The cultivar 'Purpurea ' with purple colored leaves is used as an ornamental plant.

Occurrence

Dodonaea viscosa is used as cosmopolitan in tropical, subtropical and temperate climate of southern Africa, North America, southern Asia ( China and Indian subcontinent) and Australia and Oceania. In New Zealand, this species is found on the east coast of North Cape to Banks Peninsula, on the west coast to Greymouth.

System

The first publication of the species name Dodonaea viscosa was made in 1760 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in Enumeratio Systematica Plantarum, quas in insulis Caribaeis 19 Dodonaea viscosa Jacq synonyms for. are: Dodonaea eriocarpa Sm, Dodonaea sandwicensis Sherff, Dodonaea stenocarpa Hillebr.

There are several sub- types:

  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia ( L. f ) J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima ( DC.) J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. burmanniana ( DC.) J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. cuneata ( Sm ) J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. mucronata J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa subsp. spatulata ( Sm ) J.G.West
  • Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. subsp. viscosa

Pictures

Habit

Leaves and fruits

Dodonaea viscosa - Museum specimen

Swell

  • Priscilla Abdulla: Sapindaceae in the Flora of Pakistan: Dodonaea viscosa - Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
  • Mark G. Harrington, Paul A. Gadek: A species well traveled - the Dodonaea viscosa ( Sapindaceae ) complex based on phylogenetic Analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences and ETSFs. In: Journal of Biogeography, Volume 36 (12 ), 2009, pp. 2313-2323. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02176.x
Cosmopolitan distribution Ovary (botany) Māori language Wood#Heartwood and sapwood North Cape, New Zealand James Edward Smith Digital Object Identifier
243984
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