Dog crossbreeds
A hybrid dog is a dog whose parents belong to two different breeds whose breeding plan normally takes place (as opposed to half-breeds ). The breeding aims, the positive properties of both races to accumulate. For this reason, the results are also called designer dogs. With the results will not be bred, but both breeds are newly mated again and again.
History
The idea to breed dogs in this way, is not a new phenomenon. As older hybrid dogs here are the Lurcher ( Greyhound × non- greyhound ), the Longdog ( greyhound x greyhound ) or the Catahoula Bulldog (American Bulldog × Louisiana Catahoula Leopard Dog ) above, which are the last 100 years and more grown so.
Current situation
In some countries, particularly the U.S., the breed has a strong presence of hybrid dogs. Due to the wishes of customers, there are many hybrid dogs with fancy names; some examples of hybrids, with the Poodle as a parent animal: Labradoodle Labrador Retriever and Poodle from; Schnoodle from Schnauzer and poodle; Goldendoodle from Golden Retriever and poodle; Pekeapoo of Pekingese and poodle; Cockapoo from American cocker spaniel and a poodle. Goldendoodle, Labradoodle and Cockapoo are found as keywords in the Oxford English Dictionary.
Hybrid dogs are often described " allergy-free " by their breeders as " hypoallergenic" and. Based on current knowledge hypoallergenic dogs but do not exist.
Genetics
From a genetic point of view corresponds to the mating of two dogs who belong to different races, an intersection, largely homozygous inbred lines. According to the first Mendelian rule, the so-called Uniformitätsregel, ( F1 generation ) can be expected in the first generation therefore a largely homogeneous phenotype.
The particular advantage of a hybrid is the heterosis effect, ie a disproportionate increase in fitness ( disease resistance, fertility ) in the offspring, which is achieved through genetic mixing. This effect itself is not hereditary, but comes through the hybridization about.
Some of the further breeding of offspring of hybrids is also referred to as hybrids. If, however, continued to breed hybrid dogs, the throws are no longer homogeneous, but show a very wide variation in phenotype that can be stabilized only by a longer selection and inbreeding again.
The hybridization of two breeds with subsequent stabilization of the phenotype by selection has been applied, for example, more recently, the establishment of racial Kromfohrlander where after a random intersection with pleasing results in 1946 was bred specifically with these animals until stabilized, the phenotype and the breed was recognized in 1955. 1960 Fox was in this race again crossed and the resulting hybrid dogs for the further development of the breed used. Since that is grown in pure culture.