Dyckia

Dyckia remotiflora

Dyckia is a genus in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae within the family Bromeliaceae ( Bromeliaceae ). The about 168 species are widely used in Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The Dyckia species grow terrestrial or lithophytic as a perennial xerophytes. They form strong, sprossbürtige roots. The plants grow stemless and are shorstbildend by lateral Kindel or long underground rhizomes. The usually thick leaves are in a basal, dense, spreading rosette. The often rigid, hard leaf blades are lanceolate and run into a sharp tip. The leaf margins are cut very hard and thorny. Usually the leaves are (at least the bottom ) scaly silvery white. There is no sharp demarcation of water storage tissue and Assimilationsparenchym available.

Inflorescences and flowers

As an exception among the Bromeliaceae, the inflorescences are always lateral, so it can have multiple inflorescences are formed ( at intervals ) of a rosette of leaves. The simple or branched, racemose, paniculate inflorescences aged men or are high up to 2 meters depending on the type 0.2. Along the inflorescences are extra-floral nectaries.

The stalked to almost sessile flowers are odorless or smell weak. The flowers are usually hermaphroditic; Exceptions are, for example, Dyckia maritima, Dyckia Dyckia selloa and hebdingii, whose flowers are functionally unisexual. DieBlüten are radial symmetry and threefold with double perianth. There are three sepals present. The three fused only at the base, often nailed petals are usually yellow to orange to red, rarely green. There are two circles, each with three fertile stamens present. The relatively thick filaments are free, fused at their base until the large part of its length with the petals. In most cases the stamens, the petals not protrude, sometimes protrudes out the top portion of the anthers from the corolla and rarely extend beyond the stamens, the petals clearly. Three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. The cylindrical, straight style ends in a three-lobed stigma. Many species are self-fertile.

Fruit and seeds

The dreifächerigen capsule fruits contain many winged seeds. The wedge- shaped seeds are provided with a skin edge. The seed dispersal is carried by the wind.

Occurrence

The distribution of the genus Dyckia extends over nearly all of South America. Mainly ( about 83 % ) occur the species in Brazil, some species are still found in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. In Brazil, species occur in all regions. In total there are 115 species in Brazil and four varieties, 99 of which occur only there. The greatest species diversity ( 37 species ) is located in southeastern Brazil. In the state of Minas Gerais there are 32 species of which 26 occur only there.

They grow in warm, sunny areas between rocks at altitudes up to 2000 meters. In Brazil Dyckia species thrive mostly at altitudes from 0 to over 1000 meters, mostly in sun-exposed niches of the vegetation units Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest), Restinga, Caatinga, Campos Rupestres and Cerrado.

System

The first description of the genus Dyckia was made in 1830 by Johann Jacob Julius Hermann Schultes Romans and Systema Vegetabilium, 7, 2, pp. 65, 1194th As Lectotypusart 1955 Dyckia Schult was densiflora. f defined by Lyman B. Smith ( in ING Card No.. 00365th ). The genus name honors the German amateur Dyckia botanist and gardener Joseph Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt. The naming is commented in the original description as follows: " noun in honorem Serenissimi Principis Jos. . ad Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt etc. etc., qui Amabili scientiae splendidissimum templum in terris suis dicavit, atque innumeris nitidissimisque thesauris locupletavit " ( roughly translated: The name honors his Serene Highness Prince Joseph of Salm- Dyck Reifferscheidt, the shiny temple science was in his country in order and embellished it with the most magnificent treasures. )

After Gouda et al. There are about 168 species in 2013 and twelve varieties in the genus Dyckia:

  • Dyckia acutiflora Leme & ZJGMiranda: 2012 This newly described species is found only in the Brazilian state of Goiás.
  • Dyckia affinis Baker: It comes only in Cerro de Parguari ago in Paraguay.
  • Dyckia agudensis Irgang & Sobral
  • Dyckia alba Winkler
  • Dyckia areniticola Leme: 2012 This newly described species is found only in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.
  • Dyckia aurea L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia beateae E.Gross & Rauh
  • Dyckia biflora Mez: It grows on rocks only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Dyckia brachyphylla L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia brachystachya Rauh & E.Gross
  • Dyckia bracteata ( Wittm. ) Mez
  • Dyckia brasiliana L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia braunii roughness
  • Dyckia brevifolia Baker: It is distributed in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Guanabara, Sao Paulo, Guanabara and Santa Catarina.
  • Dyckia burchellii Baker
  • Dyckia burle - marxii L.B.Smith & R.W.Read
  • Dyckia cabrerae L.B.Smith & Reitz
  • Dyckia cangaphila PJBraun, Esteves & Scharf: It was first described in the bromeliad, 3, pp. 104-111 2010, and is only found in the Brazilian state of Goiás.
  • Dyckia choristaminea Mez
  • Dyckia cinerea Mez
  • Dyckia commixta Hassler
  • Dyckia consimilis Mez
  • Dyckia coximensis L.B.Smith & Reitz
  • Dyckia crassifolia roughness
  • Dyckia crocea L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia dawsonii L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia delicata Larocca & Sobral
  • Dyckia deltoidea ( L.B. Smith) L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia densiflora Schultes f
  • Dyckia dissitiflora Schultes f
  • Dyckia distachya Hassler
  • Dyckia domfelicianensis T.Strehl
  • Dyckia duckei L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia dusenii L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia edwardii PJBraun, Esteves & Scharf: It was first described in the bromeliad, 3, pp. 116-123 2008, and is only found in the Brazilian state of Goiás.
  • Dyckia elata Mez
  • Dyckia elisabethae Winkler
  • Dyckia elongata Mez
  • Dyckia eminens Mez
  • Dyckia encholirioides ( Gaudich. ) Mez: Dyckia encholirioides ( Gaudich. ) Mez var encholirioides
  • Dyckia encholirioides var rubra ( Witt Mack ) Reitz
  • Dyckia fosteriana L.B.Smith var fosteriana
  • Dyckia fosteriana var robustior L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia marnier - lapostollei LBSmith var marnier - lapostollei
  • Dyckia marnier - lapostollei var estevesii roughness
  • Dyckia microcalyx Baker microcalyx
  • Dyckia microcalyx var ostenii L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia remotiflora var angustior L.B.Smith
  • Dyckia remotiflora var montevidensis ( K.Koch ) LBSmith
  • Dyckia remotiflora Otto & Dietrich var remotiflora
  • Dyckia remotiflora var tandilensis ( Spegazzini ) Cabrera

Swell

  • Werner Rauh: Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other cultural worthy bromeliads, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3 ( section description)
  • Lyman B. Smith & RJ Downs: Pitcairnioideae ( Bromeliaceae ) - Flora Neotropica Monograph, Volume 14, 1, 1974, pp. 1-658.
  • Elton MC Leme, OBC Ribeiro & ZJG & Miranda: New species of Dyckia ( Bromeliaceae ) from Brazil, In: Phytotaxa, Volume 67, 2012, pp. 9-37. (Sections Description, occurrence and systematics)
  • In "Species Index " on Dyckia click on Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher & Kees Goud: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads, Version 3.1 ( 2012). last seen on July 25, 2013 ( section systematics with distribution of the species. )
Josef August Schultes Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Lyman Bradford Smith Mato Grosso do Sul Digital Object Identifier
296826
de