Echinacea angustifolia

Narrow-leaved coneflower ( Echinacea angustifolia)

The Narrow-leaved coneflower ( Echinacea angustifolia), also called Narrow- Narrow- hedgehog head or cone flower, is a plant of the genus sun hats (Echinacea ) in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The specific epithet angustifolia refers to the characteristics of the leaves: angustifolia means narrow-leaved; the botanical genus name Echinacea is derived from the ancient Greek word for sea urchin or hedgehog echinos and refers to the bulging inflorescence ground with the pointed leaves chaff, this affects overall shape of a hedgehog. Originally Echinacea angustifolia is native to North America and grows there from the Great Plains to the Great Lakes and the Rocky Mountains.

• 6.1 Notes and references
• 6.2 Literature

Description

The Narrow-leaved Coneflower is an erect, unbranched, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches the plant height of about 40 to 70 centimeters. It forms a taproot and more or less highly branched fibrous roots. The vegetative parts of the plants are moderately to densely hairy with relatively rough, spread, about 1 to 2 mm long hairs ( trichomes ). The stems are green to purple.

The change-constant leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blade has a smooth edge, usually ciliate. At the lowest fan leaves, the petioles are 2-12 cm long and 7-30 cm long and 0.5 to 2.5 (up to 4 ) cm wide leaf blades usually have three (one to five) veins. The linear- lanceolate leaves differ from the red cone flower (Echinacea purpurea), the pointed- ovate leaves having.

Single terminal 10 to 30 cm long Blütenstandsschäften are the little head -shaped buds. The bracts are 6-12 mm long and 1 to 2.5 mm wide. The nearly spherical to cylindrical inflorescence soils are 1.5 to 3 × 2 to 3.5 cm in size. There are orange, just chaff leaves with purple, sharp peak present, with 9 to 14 mm in length, the tubular flowers, overtop as striking feature of the genus, such as small hedgehog spines ( botanical genus name ). The circular flower heads contain eight to 21 ray florets and disc florets 200 to over 300. The ungeschlechtigen ray florets ( ray florets = ) have a length of 15 to 40 mm and a diameter of 5 to 8 mm, are purplish to pink with reflexed Kronzungen. The hermaphrodite, fertile florets ( = disc florets ) are 5 to more than 7 mm long and mostly purple with five corolla lobes. The flowering period extends from late spring to mid-summer (depending on location around May and October).

The four -edged, smooth achenes are 4-5 mm long, usually two-tone dark brown light below and above. The crown -like pappus is up to 1 mm long with none to four main teeth.

The chromosome numbers be 2n = 22, 44

Ecology

After observations are moose, when they are sick or wounded, eat the plant roots.

Occurrence

Echinacea angustifolia thrives in dry prairies, " bar ", on stony to sandy - clay soils at altitudes 100-1600 m. We can find in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and in the U.S. states of Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming.

Use

Echinacea angustifolia is a hardy ornamental plant and can be planted in most gardens of the temperate zones. The Narrow-leaved coneflower loves drained soil and plenty of sun, but tolerates shade.

Key Ingredients

The pharmaceutical drug is recovered from the echinacea root (Echinacea angustifolia radix). Important ingredients are echinacoside glycoside, volatile oil, inulin, and resin.

In Medicine

Extracts of the medicinal drug have become over the last 50 years into a major drug in self-medication (eg in Europe and USA ). They are used for the prevention and treatment of colds and flu, as well as promoting wound healing. Furthermore, for example, preparations on the market for use against cold sores, boils, carbuncles, acne, septic processes, and headaches. The effectiveness of the coneflower in these applications is scientifically insufficient evidence. A phagozytosestimulierende effect has been observed. However, a long-term use of echinacea preparations weakens the body 's immune system.

In folk medicine

The North American Indians chewed the root for sore throat and toothache. Furthermore, it should have found the plant for wounds, burns, insect bites, snake bites, mumps, measles and gonorrhea application. However, it is likely that the Indians have not distinguished between the different Echinacea species. The white settlers of North America have taken over the use of the purple coneflower by the natives.

System

Echinacea angustifolia was first described in 1836 by Augustin - de Candolle Pyrame in Prodromus systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, 5, pp. 554-555.

Synonyms are: Brauneria angustifolia ( DC.) A.Heller and Echinacea angustifolia var strigosa McGregor

RL McGregor 1967, 1968 had a variety Echinacea angustifolia var strigosa set up, but after SE Binns et al. In 2002, this form not taxonomically different from the nominate form.

Swell

• Lowell E. Urbatsch, Kurt M. Neubig, Patricia B. Cox: Echinacea in the Flora of North America, Volume 21, page 88: Echinacea angustifolia - Online. (Section Description, occurrence and systematics)