Elisabeth Farnese
Elisabetta Farnese ( born October 25, 1692 in Parma, † July 11, 1766 in Aranjuez) was - under the name of Isabel de Farnesio - Queen of Spain.
Life
She was the daughter of Erbherzogs ODOARDO II Farnese of Parma and Piacenza (1666-1693) and his wife Dorothea Sophie of the Palatinate- Neuburg. She was heir to the childless last duke Antonio Farnese, who died on 20 January 1731. The legacy consisted of the Duchy, but also the possession of the family in and around Rome, the Palazzo Farnese, the Villa Farnese, the Villa Farnesina, but especially the Farnese collections.
Marriage and descendants
Elisabetta was married since September 16, 1714 with the Spanish King Philip V ( 1683-1746 ) of the dynasty of the Bourbons. With him she had seven children:
- Charles III. (1716-1788) King of Spain in 1738 ∞ Maria Amalia of Saxony ( 1724-1760 )
- Franz ( * / † 1717)
- Maria Anna (1718-1781) ∞ 1729 Joseph I ( 1714-1777 ) King of Portugal
- Philipp (1720-1765), Duke of Parma Marie Louise Élisabeth ∞ 1738 de Bourbon ( 1727-1759 )
- Maria Teresa (1726-1746) ∞ 1745 Ludwig ( 1729-1765 ), Dauphin of France
- Ludwig Anton (1727-1785) Archbishop
- Maria Antonia (1729-1785) ∞ 1750 Victor Amadeus III. (1726-1796) King of Sardinia - Piedmont
The marriage was at the instigation of Madame des Ursins and of Giulio Alberoni, who had come with the Duke of Vendôme to the Spanish court, where he had gained the confidence of Madame des Ursins closed.
Later life
Elisabetta Farnese was superior to her moody husband in many respects; it was formed, interested in art, politically active, equipped with a strong will. Her first action as soon as she had entered Spanish soil, was the dismissal of the hitherto almighty Madame des Ursins. Whether this approach with the express approval of Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon was, as it claimed the Duke of Saint -Simon in his memoirs, neither clearly confirmed nor refuted.
In any event, led the queen, the king appears to completely mastered, along with their advisor, now the Cardinal Giulio Alberoni appointed long -time Spanish politics. Their objective was primarily the recovery of the former possessions in Italy, which in 1719 with military and diplomatic means least, reached after initial failures and the consequent fall of Alberoni: Their eldest son Charles ( the first took a subordinate place in the Spanish Succession because Philip already had sons from his first marriage ) received in 1731 for himself and his descendants, the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, which he exchanged in 1735 against the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily. Parma and Piacenza was given by an Austrian Intermezzo and another successful war in 1748 his brother Felipe, the son of the French king. With these two dynastic successes Elisabetta was the founder of the Bourbon branch lines Bourbon Two Sicilies and Bourbon -Parma.
When Ferdinand VI. , Philip's last surviving son from his first marriage, in 1746 the King of Spain was, Elisabetta was inevitably pushed into the background. During this time, she left the Palace of Riofrio build a widow seat. When her stepson, but 13 years later died childless and thus her own eldest son Charles as Charles III. (. Carlos III) was king of Spain, was not only her old influence restored - Elisabetta also became the ancestress of the Bourbon King to today's ruling dynasty in Spain.