Encholirium

Encholirium horridum

Encholirium is a plant genus in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae within the family Bromeliaceae ( Bromeliaceae ). The approximately 42 species are native to Brazil.

  • 4.1 Notes and references
  • 4.2 Additional literature

Description and ecology

Appearance and leaves

The Encholirium species grow as perennial herbaceous plants that live terrestrial or lithophytic as xerophytes. They form strong, sprossbürtige roots. They grow stemless or short -stemmed and are forming horst by lateral Kindel.

The in a dense, spreading, basal rosette standing together leaves are thick, ruler and run into a sharp tip. The leaf margins are cut very hard and thorny. Usually the lower leaf surface is scaly white.

Inflorescences and flowers

Terminally a very strong inflorescence stem is formed. The simple or rarely branched, racemose inflorescences are up to 2 meters long. The stalked, hermaphrodite, radial symmetry blooms are triple double perianth ( perianth ). There are three sepals present. The three petals are yellow or greenish - yellow. There are two circles, each with three fertile stamens present. The base of the stamens is not attached, this distinguishes the genus Encholirium of the genus Dyckia. Three carpels are fused into a superior ovaries. The cylindrical, straight style ends in a three-lobed stigma.

A special feature is the observation that Encholirium glaziovii, a synonym of Encholirium is subsecundum bokermanni pollinated by a bat - type Lonchophyllinae, Lonchophylla today, a bat pollination is also vogelii of Encholirium expected on the basis of Blütenbaues; the vast majority of species in the family of Bromeliaceae is pollinated by birds.

Fruit and seeds

Are formed dreifächerige capsule fruits that contain many winged seeds. The wedge- shaped seeds are provided with a skin edge. The seed dispersal is carried by the wind.

Metabolism

The Encholirium types operate CAM photosynthesis.

Occurrence

All Encholirium species occur only in Brazil. In the state of Minas Gerais, most species are native. They only thrive in sunny areas between rocks at altitudes from 15 to 2000 meters, but usually 900 to 1500 meters.

System

The first publication of the genus Encholirium was 1830 with the type species Encholirium spectabile Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius at Joseph August Schultes and Julius Hermann Schultes in Johann Jacob Julius Hermann Schultes and Romans: Systema Vegetabilium, 7 ( 2), S. 1233 The genus name Encholirium derives from the Greek words for spear and enchos. leiron for lily from. In some publication is false, invalid spelling " Encholirion ".

Encholirium forms with Deuterocohnia and Dyckia a monophyletic group, so they go back to a common ancestor. They belong to the subfamily Pitcairnioideae within the Bromeliaceae.

Today includes about 42 species in the genus Encholirium Stand 2013:

  • Encholirium agavoides Forzza & Zappi: This 2011 newly described species is found only on rocks in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium ascending Leme: This 2010 newly described species occurs only at altitudes of about 715 meters in front of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium bahianum LBSmith & RWRead: This type described in 1990 is only found in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium belemii L.B.Smith & R.W.Read
  • Encholirium biflorum ( Mez ) Forzza
  • Encholirium brachypodum L.B.Smith & R.W.Read
  • Encholirium bradeanum L.B.Smith
  • Encholirium crassiscapum E.Gross: This type described in 1997 is only found in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium ctenophyllum Forzza & Zappi: This 2011 newly described species is found only on rocks in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium densiflorum Ule: This type described in 1990 is found only on bare rock at an altitude of about 840 meters in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium diamantinum Forzza: 2012 This newly described species is found only at altitudes 810-1170 m in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium disjunctum Forzza
  • Encholirium eddie - estevesii Leme & Forzza
  • Encholirium erectiflorum L.B.Smith
  • Encholirium gracile L.B.Smith
  • Encholirium harleyi LBSmith & RWRead: This type described in 1989 is only found in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium heloisae ( LBSmith ) Forzza & Wanderley: This type described in 1989 is only found in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium hoehneanum LBSm. It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium horridum L.B.Smith
  • Encholirium inerme Rauh: This type described in 1987 is only found in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium irwinii LBSmith: It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium longiflorum Leme
  • Encholirium lutzii LBSm. It comes in altitude of about 200 meters before only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium luxor L.B.Smith & R.W.Read
  • Encholirium lymanianum E. Pereira & Martinelli
  • Encholirium magalhaesii L.B.Smith
  • Encholirium maximum Forzza & Leme
  • Encholirium paraibae L.B.Sm. & Read: This type is only described in 1990 in the Brazilian state of Paraiba (hence the epithet ) ago.
  • Encholirium patens L.B.Sm.: It comes in altitude of about 600 meters before only in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium pedicellatum ( Mez ) roughness
  • Encholirium pernambucanum L.B.Sm. & Read: This type is only described in 1990 in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco (hence the epithet ) ago.
  • Encholirium piresianum LBSmith & RWRead: This type described in 1990 is only found in the Brazilian Federal District Distrito Federal do Brasil.
  • Encholirium pulchrum Forzza, Leme & OBCRibeiro: This 2012 newly described species occurs only at altitudes of about 830 meters in front of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium reflexum Forzza & Wanderley
  • Encholirium rupestre Ule: This type described in 1990 is only found in the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Encholirium scrutor ( L.B.Smith ) roughness
  • Encholirium spectabile Martius ex Schultes f
  • Encholirium subsecundum ( Baker) Mez ( Syn: Encholirium glaziovii Mez )
  • Encholirium suzannae Rauh: This type described in 1988 is only found in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
  • Encholirium vogelii roughness

Swell

  • Werner Rauh: Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other cultural worthy bromeliads, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
  • Lyman B. Smith & RJ Downs. Pitcairnioideae ( Bromeliaceae ) - Flora Neotropica Monograph, Volume 14, 1, 1974 Encholirium from page 191
  • In "Species Index " on Encholirium click on Eric J. Gouda, Gouda Derek Butcher & Kees: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads, Version 3.1 ( 2012). last seen on July 28, 2013 ( section systematics with distribution of the species. )
Perennial plant Lithophyte Ovary (botany) Federal District (Brazil) Lyman Bradford Smith Digital Object Identifier
307872
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