Ernst Grünfeld
Ernst Franz Grünfeld (actually Ernest Franz Grünfeld; born November 21, 1893 in Vienna -Josefstadt, † April 3, 1962 in Vienna Ottakring ) was a chess grandmaster from Austria.
Life
Ernst Grünfeld was born in the eighth district of Vienna Josefstadt seventh child of Roman Catholic parents. These were both immigrated to Vienna, the father came from Austrian Silesia, his mother was a Sudeten Germans. In the fifth year, he suffered a blow when the left leg had to be amputated him after the accident.
Until about 1919 Green box was active in the commercial profession. The disastrous consequences of the First World War forced him to change profession - he became a professional chess master.
Grünfeld was married and had a daughter.
Chess career
The 1910 discharged world championship match between Emanuel Lasker and Schlechter Carl Grunfeld impressed so much that a year later he learned the game of chess. At the age of 19 years, the first time he drew attention to himself in Vienna chess clubs by his skills. During the First World War, there were no opportunities for him, however, to prove themselves in international tournaments. During this time he devoted himself mainly to correspondence chess.
Later Grünfeld won considerable tournament success, especially 1920-1936. 1921 he finished in second place behind Alekhine Budapest. He won the tournament in 1923 in Frankfurt am Main ( 23 DSB Congress ) and won in the same year in Margate before Alekhine, Bogolyubov and Réti. In 1924 he finished second in Merano as the first place before Spielmann and Rubinstein 1933, Ostrava. During the Nazi period he worked as a chess writer.
His best historical Elo rating of 2715, he reached in December 1924. He was ranked 4th in the world rankings.
Due to his international success, he received in 1950 by FIDE the title of Grand Master.
Contributions to opening theory
Grunfeld made significant contributions to the theory of chess openings. He had an almost encyclopedic knowledge of opening variations.
In 1922, he led in the fourth game of his contest with Albert Becker in Vienna named after him Grünfeld Indian Defence ( 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 g6 3 Nc3 d5) in the tournament practice. Half a year later he defeated Boris Kostić so at the tournament in Teplice. Green field applied this opening later, however, only rarely because he considered them to be incorrect. Nevertheless, " the Grünfeld " played even today still successfully by many famous grandmasters.
His first book, The Queen's Pawn Opening and the Queen's Gambit was released in 1924. Publication was financially supported by a patron, Gyula Patay of Baj, allows. Grünfeld was life convinced that 1 d2 -d4 is the best opening move is.
Style
The Vienna Schachzeitung characterized in 1923 Grünfeld's style as follows: " the feature of his style of play. Correctness Mag seduction even as enticing wave, then (...) green field but never go on to fool the enemy A satisfying place [ he. ] in check only if [ it ] succeeds, " to wrestle methodically to the ground. " the enemy through logical treatment of the opening, through dignified systematic work in the middle game, by careful consideration of the respective offensive and defensive opportunities he has this deep moral earnestness owes its rapid rise. "
Copyright
1930 threw green field in front of the Viennese master Hans Kmoch to have used in the supplementary volume to the manual of chess to a large extent his games and analysis without quoting and to participate in the fee him. He took a legal advice and even turned in a letter to World Champion Alekhine. At the Congress of FIDE in Prague in 1931 the subject came generally to the language, but a moral obligation to indicate the sources there was only recognized during the assertion of further claims due to legal concerns was skeptical.