Fernseea
Fernseea itatiaiae
Fernseea is a genus of flowering plants of the family Bromeliaceae ( Bromeliaceae ). The two species are endemic to the border of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
Description
The Fernseea species are perennial herbaceous plants that stand together horst -like to more. Both species are xerophytic. Fernseea bocainensis grows mostly epiphytic and terrestrial Fernseea itatiaiae. The shoot axis is compressed. The alternate arranged in a basal rosette leaves form a funnel, which narrows toward the top and looks almost bottle-shaped; but it is not necessary how rare maintains a pseudobulb, because the stem axis is not involved. The leaf sheath is short and bald. The parallel venation leaf blade are narrow - linear, 15 to 40 centimeters long, ending in a spiny tip. The lower leaf surface is slightly scaly. The leaf margin serrate thorny.
The inflorescence stem has up to the top, usually red, bracts. It is formed a terminal, simple, racemose inflorescence with many flowers. The maximum short -stalked flowers are radial symmetry and threefold with double perianth. The three free, narrowly elliptic sepals are 7 millimeters long. The three free petals are dull - purple to rose -colored. The stamens are enclosed during the flowering period, otherwise detached. The pollen is furrowed. Three carpels are fused into a relatively large inferior ovary. There are numerous ovules without appendages.
There shall be fleshy, about pea-sized berries. The relatively large seeds have like all Bromelioideae no appendages.
Systematics and distribution
The position of the genus within the subfamily Fernseea Bromelioideae is currently being discussed. It could be that the revision of the genus Bromelia means that the two Fernseea species are incorporated into the genus Bromelia. ,
The genus Fernseea 1889 19 prepared by the English botanist John Gilbert Baker in Handbook of the Bromeliaceae. It was named in honor of the Austrian botanist Heinrich Wawra of Fernsee. The type specimens of the type species of the genus was collected by Heinrich Wawra of Fernsee in the Brazilian mountain Itatiaia, from which the specific epithet derives itatiaiae, and he described them in 1880 as Bromelia itatiaiae Wawra in Oesterreichische Botanical Journal, 30, p 114; this is now a synonym for Fernseea itatiaiae ( Wawra ) Baker, another synonym is Aechmea stenophylla Baker. The only known records for this species are still the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro on Monte Itatiaia in the treeless summit region at altitudes 2000-2994 meters; there she grows terrestrially.
It was not until 1983, Edmundo Pereira and José Luiz de Araújo Neto Moutinho in Bradea ( Boletim do Herbarium Bradeanum, Rio de Janeiro ), 3 ( 38 ), pp. 344 bocainensis describe a second type Fernseea. It was found in Brazil in the coastal rain forest of the border area between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in the " Serra do Bocaina " at altitudes of about 1200 meters and grows mostly epiphytic.
Today, two types are known:
- Fernseea bocainensis E.Pereira & Moutinho
- Fernseea itatiaiae ( Wawra ) Baker
The two species occur in the Serra da Mantiqueira in the northwest of Rio de Janeiro and in the neighboring state of São Paulo. The habitat is the alpine zone at altitudes between 2000 and almost 3000 meters. They tolerate freezing to -6 ° C.
Swell
- Lyman Bradford Smith & Robert Jack Downs: Bromelioideae ( Bromeliaceae ) in Flora Neotropica, Monograph No.. 14, Part 3, 1979, pp. 1493-2142.
- Werner Rauh: Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other cultural worthy bromeliads, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3. S. 383
- Edmundo Pereira and José Luiz de Araújo Neto Moutinho: Bradea ( Boletim do Herbarium Bradeanum, Rio de Janeiro ), 3 ( 38 ), 1983, pp. 344
- Katharina Schulte, Michael HJ Barfuss & Georg Zizka: Phylogeny of Bromelioideae ( Bromeliaceae ) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA loci Reveals the evolution of the tank habit within the subfamily, in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 51, Issue 2, May 2009, S. 327-339.