Flute

A flute, Middle High German Floite, Vloite, depression (from the Old French " flaüte " or the Latin " flatuare " and " flatare ": " repeated blow ", " continuously blow " Frequentativa of "flare ", " blow ") is a deflection Aerophon, in which an air stream is passed over an edge where it starts to vibrate (see the article woodwind and whistle ).

In everyday parlance called " flute " usually the flute or the recorder.

Classification

There are flutes with and without nuclear fission, an air duct that leads the air jet to Anblaskante. In Flutes without nuclear fission, the air jet is formed of the lips and / or the player's tongue.

Further classifications and names result from the fact where you blow into the flute, as the pitch is influenced by whether the lower end closed ( Gedackt ) or not, whether it is single flute pipes or instruments with multiple flutes, and how these be played ( directly or blown with valves controlled by a mechanism or a keyboard, as with the organ). Also, the culture of origin of a flute, is used for classification.

Flutes without nuclear fission ( rand blown)

The Anblaskante formed by the upper edge of the flute tube.

• Nay
• Nose flutes as the Tungali
• Notched flutes ( The Anblaskante is formed by a notch in the top of the flute tube ) as Shakuhachi, Xiao, T'ungso and Quena

• Panpipe

( The Anblaskante is formed by the edge of a hole in the side of the flute tube. )

• Flute and described there other types
• Dizi

Flutes with core gap

The air flow is formed by a wind tunnel and performed on the Anblaskante the labium. With the exception of organ pipes, these are some of the beak flutes.

• Recorder
• Bone flute
• Cane flute, also csákány
• Hand Flute, Spain flabiol
• Flageolet
• Overtone
• Tin Whistle
• Suling, bamboo flute on Java and Bali
• Saluang, bamboo flute of the Minangkabau in Sumatra
• Indian Flute
• Open flue pipe organ

• Gemshorn
• Piston flute
• Ocarina
• Whistle
• , Stopped flue pipe organ

Special shapes

In China, they developed the flight wind -blown flute pigeons.

History

The very first flutes prehistoric times were probably made ​​from animal bones (bone flute), but perhaps also from less durable materials (eg wood), which is not normally receive.

As the oldest extant musical instruments in Europe old stone age bone flutes that have been found in the Swabian Alb are between 42,000 and 43,000 years. A flute made ​​from the bone of a griffon vulture was found in the summer of 2008 in the Hohle Fels cave in Schelkingen. Relatively well-preserved or reconstructed flutes with finger holes were discovered in the Geißenklösterle Cave. The finds show that people have made already in the Stone Age, more precisely in the Upper Palaeolithic music. Two of the flutes from the Geißenklösterle are made in one piece from swan bones. The third consists of two joined, carved from mammoth ivory half-tubes; it was tuned with at least three, as in the third interval, finger holes provided ( a fourth could be broken off ), and ornamented with lateral notches. Due to the very old age of the flute, a write to the modern man (Homo sapiens Cro -Magnon era ) or the Neanderthals is uncertain; for a Neanderthal artifact could be the (presumed ) speak gluing and sealing the two halves with birch pitch.

A supposedly even older flute Divje Baba (Slovenia ) has now been proven on the basis of microscopic examinations as a random product of animal browsing damage in a bear femur fragment.

The Hebrews Jubal, whose Alturgroßvater was Cain is referred to in the Bible as the granddaddy of all harp and flute player.

In the lake settlement of Hagnau Castle was born in 1986 so far the oldest surviving wooden flute Europe from the late Bronze Age ( 1040 BC ) to the fore. It has an embouchure and a fine decoration of incised lines.

The earliest known unambiguous picture of a flute was found on an Etruscan relief in Perusa. It dates from the second or first century BC. The instrument was held at that time to the left, only in an illustration of a poem from the eleventh century, an illustration of a flute played to the right was discovered.

As a simple musical instruments flutes were used (besides drums ) since prehistoric times in religious cults or are there still today among primitive peoples. In the literature, flutes often have the character of the beyond, of death and impermanence: Grimm Fairy Tales # 28, 91, 96, 116, 126, 181; Mozart's The Magic Flute; Andreas Gryphius ' It's all vanity.