Francisco Tárrega

Francisco de Asís Tárrega y Eixea, in Catalan Francesc d' Assis Tarrega i Eixea, ( born November 21, 1852 in Villarreal, Spain, † December 15, 1909 in Barcelona) was a Spanish guitarist and composer.

Life

Francisco Tárrega was born into a musical family. He received his first guitar lessons age of eight. At this time, the piano, the guitar displaced more and more, Tárrega's father advised him to learn to play the piano, so that Tárrega already largely dominated both instruments at a young age. In 1862, Tárrega student of famous guitarist Julián Arcas ( 1832-1882 ).

1869 acquired Tárrega at the Spanish luthier Antonio de Torres ( 1817-1892 ) a guitar that was clearly distinct from the previous instruments: a modern shape and an elongated to 65 cm scale length (distance from nut and bridge ). Thus, the new model was unusually loud and sonorous. This guitar should be crucial for further Tárrega's guitar life.

1885 moved with his wife María Josefa Tárrega Rizo and the Son Francisco to Barcelona. There he met the national Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz (1860-1909) and Enrique Granados ( 1867-1916 ). With them he made ​​friends and transcribed many of the works by Albéniz was the first for the guitar.

The work and efforts Tárrega represents a milestone in the development of guitar technique. He is regarded as the most distinguished guitarist and teacher of his era, when the founder of a new school, the so-called new Spanish guitar school.

The characteristic feature of this direction is the powerful sound, a great sound that Tárrega by the applied stop ( Spanish: Apoyando ) understood most out of the instrument. These types of sound production, through which the sound is long-lasting and full, became the basis of the then Spanish guitaristic. In age his musical demands grew as a performer, especially at himself. Therefore, he has waived starting from the year 1902 to the previously well-kept nails and play the strings with the finger tip, ie without the involvement of the nail strike. His best-known composition, the tremolo piece " Recuerdos de la Alhambra ", so got a new sound dimension. His last and most important pupil, Emilio Pujol, Tárrega play for decades held up as unparalleled. Emerging from the classic game of his predecessor Fernando Sor (1778-1839) and Mauro Giuliani (1781-1829) developed Tárrega their interpretation of art further, and led the artistry of its predecessor out through his refined technique on these.

In painstaking detail Tárrega has created with his compositions and didactic works policies that still have validity in the world today. Here, the Apoyando - stop and the position of the stop fingers are particular to mention the strings. The laying on of the instrument on the left thigh has become the standard for entertainment Tárrega; as a result of the newly created Torres larger guitar type.

These innovations Tárrega extended in a unique way the artistic expression of the guitar. His students, especially Emilio Pujol (1886-1980), Miguel Llobet (1878-1938) and Daniel Fortea (1878-1953) developed Tárrega's style in their interpretations turn on and helped by Tárrega's method to a whole day in the world to make common style.

Tárrega expanded the guitar repertoire with many transcriptions, which still belong to the most successful and most frequently performed pieces of concert programs.

His compositions include many etudes and dances, arrangements of individual works by JS Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann. One of the most common in the present day culture tunes ever, the Nokia Ringtone ( ringtone mobile phones produced by Nokia), is based on Tárrega's Gran Vals ( Grande Valse ). He is regarded in music circles as the " Schubert of the guitar ".

The town of Benicàssim directed in his honor every year since 1967, the competition Certamen Internacional de Guitarra Francesc Tarrega from.

Special works

Of particular importance and often heard his works

• Gran Vals (Great Waltz, the clocks 13-17 are used by the mobile phone manufacturer Nokia as audio logo and ringtone Nokia Tune)
• Recuerdos de la Alhambra ( Memories of the Alhambra in Granada, tremolo study )
• Sueño ( Dream, Mazurka )
• Sueño (same title, tremolo study)
• Alborada ( morning song, study Flageoletttönen and concurrent mark-up and take-off bonds the left hand)
• Lágrima ( one of 30 Preludes )
• Capricho Árabe
• Danza Mora
• Adelita ( Mazurka )
• Marieta ( Mazurka )
• Tango María
• Oremus ( one of 30 Preludes, written 15 days before his death, an arrangement of an excerpt of the piano piece " fancy dance ", no. 5 op 124 album leaves of R. Schumann)