Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard
Frederick John Dealtry Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard GCMG, CB, DSO, PC ( born January 22, 1858 in Madras, India, † April 11, 1945 in Abinger, England ) was a British soldier, explorer and colonial administrator. He developed the theory of so-called Indirect rule the central theory of British colonial rule in the 20th century.
Lugard was the son of Reverend FG Lugard in the Fort St. George in Madras and grew up in Worcester in England. He attended the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, and went in 1878 in the army service.
Life
Lugard was 1879/1880 participated in the Second Afghan- British war. In the years 1884/1885 he fought during the Mahdi uprising in the Sudan, and 1886/1887 in Burma (now Myanmar). In May 1888 he led an expedition of British settlers in Nyasaland against Arab slave traders on Lake Nyasa.
In 1889 he was hired by the Imperial British East Africa Company and explored the river Sabaki and the surrounding areas and developed a program to free the slaves of the East African region. In 1890 he was sent to Buganda, where he worked as a colonial administrator for military affairs. He also founded the fort, around which later Kampala, capital of Uganda today arose. His most important act, however, was to meet with the Omukama (king) of Toro Kasagama an agreement to protect against attacks from Bunyoro and Toro thus to bind to the British Empire. This led to the establishment of other fortifications, including Fort Portal, and ultimately to the establishment of the Protectorate of Uganda.
1892 Lugard returned to the United Kingdom. In 1897 he went to Nigeria, where he was from 1900 to 1906 High Commissioner of the " protectorate" of Northern Nigeria. From 1907 to 1912 he was then instrumental in as Governor of Hong Kong to the founding of the University of Hong Kong (1911 ). In 1912 he returned to Nigeria and became governor of the Nigerian protectorates which were united in 1914 and the Governor-General, he was then to 1919.
Lugard married in 1902, five years older Flora Shaw, the influential foreign correspondent of the London Times. The two had no children. Lugard was raised in 1928 in the hereditary nobility; the title became extinct with his death, since he had no male descendants.
Rule theorists of Indirect
In his 1922 to published book, "The dual mandates in British Tropical Africa" , he developed a theory of so-called Indirect rule. The work was almost to the manual of the British colonial officials in the entire Empire.
Places that are named after Lugard
- Lugard Road at Victoria Peak in Hong Kong
- The Lugard Tower (Building of Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong)
- Lugard Hall ( dormitory in the University of Hong Kong)
- Lugard Avenue Ikoyi in Lagos, Nigeria
- Lugard Avenue Entebbe, Uganda
- The Lugard House Rossall School, Fleetwood
- Several school dormitories, Guest Houses etc. in East and West Africa have been named Lugard House.
- The fictional Lord Lugard 's College in Chinua Achebe 's Anthills of the Savannah