Gardenia

A double flowered cultivar of Gardenia jasminoides

The gardenia ( Gardenia ) are a genus within the family of Rubiaceae ( Rubiaceae ). The genus comes with about 60 to 250 species in the tropics of the Old World. Some species are cultivated outside the natural range as an ornamental and medicinal plant.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Gardenia species are shrubs or rarely small trees. They are usually evergreen, but may be optional deciduous. You have no thorns or short shoots are converted into thorns. Buds and young twigs are often resinous. Young twigs are square.

The opposite, sometimes standing together in groups at the ends of the branches leaves are stalked or sitting and often have Domatien. The simple leaf blade leathery. The leaf margins are smooth or serrated. The durable or sloping, triangular stipules are fused only at their base to the branch around or even fused cap -like over their entire length, then they tear on one side.

Inflorescences and flowers

The sometimes standing on an inflorescence stem, frets time to zymösen inflorescences are pseudo pendant and / or terminally located. There are bracts present. In an inflorescence some flowers are or he is reduced to only one flower. The flowers are stalked or sessile.

The fragrant, often relatively large and conspicuous, hermaphroditic, slightly zygomorphic flowers are five-to zwölfzählig and have a double perianth. The green sepals are fused. The petals are first white, then yellow and finally brown. The petals are funnel-shaped or cylindrical fused with five to twelve Corolla lobe. It's just a circle with five to nine fertile stamens present. Two carpels are fused into one inferior ovary. There is a stamp with a two-to neunlappigen scar present. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ).

Fruit and seeds

The thick-walled fruit ( berry or drupe ) contains many seeds in a pulpaartigen mass. The medium sized seeds are flattened and ellipsoidal. The seed coat ( testa) is leathery or membranous. The seeds contain horny endosperm and a small to medium-sized embryo with two foliage leaf-like cotyledons ( cotyledons ).

Dissemination

The genus Gardenia is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Madagascar, Asia and Pacific Islands.

System

The genus name Gardenia 1761 by John Ellis in Philos. Trans, 51 (2 ), pp. 935 first published. The genus name honors Gardenia Alexander Garden (1730-1791), a physician in Aberdeen, correspondence with Linnaeus had. Synonyms for Gardenia J.Ellis are: Berghias Juss, Bergkias Sundays, Bertuchia Dennst, Caquepira JFGmel, Decameria Welw, Gardena Adans. .. .. . orth var, Kumbaya Endl. ex Steud. , Piringa Juss., Pleimeris Raf., Sahlbergia Neck. nom. inval. , Sulipa Blanco, Thunbgeria Montin, Varnera L., Warneria L., nom. inval. , Yangapa Raf. The genus Gardenia of the tribe Gardenieae has been assigned, as they are not monophyletic, this was resolved and so this genus incertae sedis is currently in the subfamily Ixoroideae Raf. within the family of Rubiaceae. The scope of the genus is discussed.

There are about 60 to 250 Gardenia species ( selection)

• Gardenia actinocarpa Puttock
• Gardenia anapetes A.C.Sm.
• Gardenia angkorensis Pit:. It occurs in Cambodia and in the Chinese province of Hainan, where it grows in woods and thickets of rivers in valleys or on hillsides.
• Gardenia annamensis Pit.
• Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch. Tropical Africa.
• Gardenia brachythamnus ( K.Schum. ) Launert
• Gardenia brighamii H.Mann: A shrub or small tree with plant height 1-6 m, which is located in the lowlands of Hawaii in tropical dry forest.
• Gardenia carinata Wall:. Homeland eg India.
• Gardenia cornuta Hemsl. Native South Africa.
• Gardenia erubescens: Trop. Africa, shrub to 6 m, with edible fruits.
• Gardenia fortunei: native eastern Asia.
• Gardenia gjellerupii Valeton
• Gardenia gummifera: Small trees with growth heights of up to 3 m in India.
• Gardenia hainanensis Merr. Thrives in forests of rivers in valleys or on mountain slopes at altitudes 100-1200 m only in the Chinese provinces of Hainan and Guangxi ( Shangsi ).
• Gardenia imperialis K.Schum. The small tree with plant height up to 12 meters is native in tropical Africa.
• Gardenia ( Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, Syn: Gardenia angusta illeg (L. ) Merr, Gardenia augusta Merr nom, Gardenia angustifolia Lodd, Gardenia florida L. nom illeg Superfl, Gardenia florida f oblanceolata. .. .. .. . Nakai, Gardenia florida var ovalifolia Sims, Gardenia florida f simpliciflora Makino, Gardenia grandiflora Lour. , Gardenia jasminoides f grandiflora ( Lour. ) Makino, Gardenia jasminoides var grandiflora ( Lour. ) Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides var longisepala ( Masamune ) FPMetcalf, Gardenia jasminoides f Maruba ( Sieb. ex Blume) Nakai ex Ishii, Gardenia jasminoides var Maruba ( Sieb. ex Blume) Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides f oblanceolata ( Nakai ) Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides f ovalifolia ( Sims ) H.Hara, Gardenia jasminoides var ovalifolia ( Sims ) Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides var radicans ( Thunb. ) Makino, Gardenia jasminoides f simpliciflora ( Makino ) Makino, Gardenia jasminoides f variegata ( Carr. ) Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides var variegata ( Carr. ) Makino, Gardenia Maruba sieve. ex flower, Gardenia pictorum Hassk. , Gardenia radicans Thunb., Gardenia radicans variegata var Carr., Gardenia schlechteri H.Lév. . Bonati & non Petitmengin, Genipa florida (L.) Baill, Genipa grandiflora ( Lour. ) Baill, Genipa radicans ( Thunb. ) Baill, Jasminum capense million ): .. . Having at least two subspecies. The home is southern China, Taiwan, Japan, Vietnam, North Korea, Cambodia, Thailand, Bhutan, Laos, Nepal, India and Pakistan.
• Gardenia latifolia Aiton: Shrubs or trees with growth heights between 5 and 10 m in India.
• Gardenia manii H.St.John & Kuykendall: native Hawaii.
• Gardenia nitida: Trop. Africa.
• Gardenia philastrei Pierre ex Pit.
• Gardenia posoquerioides S.Moore
• Gardenia pseudopsidium ( Blanco ) Fern. - Vill.
• Gardenia remyi: native Hawaii.
• Gardenia resinifera Roth (syn.: Gardenia lucida Roxb. ): Shrubs or small trees with plant height up to 3 m in India.
• Gardenia resiniflua Hiern: native South Africa.
• Gardenia sokotensis: Trop. Africa.
• Gardenia sootepensis Hutch. Coming into Laos, Thailand and the Yunnan province in China, where it thrives in the forests of rivers, at the edge of villages or on mountain slopes at altitudes 700-1600 m.
• Gardenia spatulifolia: native South Africa.
• Gardenia stenophylla Merrill: It occurs in Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Zhejiang, where it thrives in forests and thickets of rivers in valleys and on the roadside at altitudes between 100 and 800 meters.
• Gardenia tahitensis DC:. Polynesia home.
• Gardenia ternifolia Shoe Mach. & Thonn. (Syn.: G. jovis - tonantis ): Trop. Africa.
• Forest gardenia ( Gardenia thunbergia L. f ): Shrubs or small trees with heights of growth between 2 and 5 m in South Africa.
• Gardenia tubifera Wall:. Small tree with plant height up to 15 m in Southeast Asia.
• Gardenia turgida: Shrubs or small trees with plant height up to 4 m in India.
• Gardenia Volkensii K.Schum. Homeland is the tropical Africa.

Use

Some species from Asia and Pacific Rim and their varieties are used as ornamental plants, but Gardenia jasminoides is most commonly used. They are cultivated in parks and gardens. As houseplants, they belong to the somewhat difficult -to-maintain ways. There are also varieties with double flowers. Gardenias are severely arable. Since they are native to warm wet tropical regions, they require high humidity. They bloom best in acidic, well-drained soil.

More images

Gardenia brighamii:

When opposite leaves.

Habitus.

Habitus.

Other types:

Habit, leaves and fruits of Gardenia ternifolia subsp. jovis - tonantis.

Illustration of forest gardenia ( Gardenia thunbergia ).

Swell

• Tao Chen & Charlotte M. Taylor: Gardenia. Rubiaceae. In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Volume 19, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 28 February, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9, pp. 141-144 ( online text is identical to the printed work, " Gardenia - online " ). (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
• Description in the Western Australian flora. ( Description section )
• Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe. (English )