Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia ( Gardenia jasminoides ), unfilled flower
The gardenia ( Gardenia jasminoides ) is a plant of the genus Gardenia ( Gardenia ) within the family of Rubiaceae ( Rubiaceae ). Your grades are used as ornamental plants; because of its former use, especially in the romance and buttonhole flower or flower gardenia called.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
The gardenia is an evergreen shrub. The leathery foliage leaves are shiny and dark green.
The strong sweet-scented flowers are radial symmetry. The petals are white at first and take the time a creamy yellow color and a waxy surface on. The heyday in the area of origin is from December to March, when crop it blooms from mid- spring to early summer. It forms orange berries.
Occurrence
Gardenia jasminoides is native to southern China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Japan.
Taxonomy
Synonyms for Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis are: Gardenia augusta (L. ) Merr, Gardenia florida L. nom. . illeg. Superfl. , Gardenia radicans Thunb., Varneria augusta L. nom. nud.
Toxicity
All parts of the plant are considered poisonous, but especially the fruits.
The main active ingredients are crocin, methyl anthranilate, the iridoid glycosides Gardenosid, geniposide, genipin -1 - β - gentiobioside, Shanzhisid and others.
Poisoning: Due to the content of iridoid glycosides, the fruit has a purgative effect. The aqueous extract shows a more toxic effect than the alcoholic.
Use
It is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. In Chinese, the name of this kind of " Zhi Zi". The scent of the flowers is reminiscent of jasmine and they are therefore as a natural flavoring in teas and - used in cosmetic products - for example, the Gardenia tahitensis ( Tiare ). An extract from the fruit is still added as a natural colorant in cosmetic care products, and occasionally as a food colorant, eg in fruit gum. This carotene dye was known under the name " Wongsky ", more than 3000 years ago and is of great importance in the dyeing of silk.
A team led by researchers fragrance Hanns Hatt from the Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr- University Bochum have discovered a fragrance (2,4,6 -trimethyl -4-phenyl -1 ,3-dioxane, Gardeniaacetal ), which has a calming effect.
Best known is the gardenia in the moderate latitudes but as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens in the frost- free areas and as a houseplant for cool room. Previously, she was also popular as a cut flower.
Varieties
There a number of varieties have been bred, many of which have double flowers. selection:
- ' Florida ' to 1 m plant height and flowers with almost 10 cm in diameter.
- ' Magnifica ': flowers not as rich as some other species.
- ' Prostrate ': growing flat.
- ' Radicans ': low with small flowers and leaves.