Giovanni Paisiello

Giovanni Paisiello (also called " Paesiello "; born May 9, 1740 in Roccaforzata at Taranto (Italian Taranto), † June 5, 1816 in Naples) was an Italian composer.

Life

Paisiello made ​​, intended for study of law, the preliminary studies in the Jesuit college, but resigned at the age of 13 years in the Conservatory Sant ' Onofrio at Naples, where he led by Francesco Durante, Carlo Cotumacci and Girolamo Subscriptions developed itself as a musician.

After he had initially written a number of masses, oratorios, psalms and other works, he tried his hand at dramatic composition. 1763 's "dramatic interlude " listed at the conservatory be, that revealed his talent for opera buffa. Quick now took the theater to his: three operas were performed in Parma, two in Bologna; more in Florence, Modena and Rome followed. However, it was only counted the first composers of Italy, when he in 1767 with L' idolo Cinese in Naples ( where until then Niccolo Piccinni tone was ) had success. He began to develop such a fruitful activity as an opera composer that he had except Domenico Cimarosa no competitors in Europe in a few years.

In 1776 he was appointed the Empress Catherine II to Saint Petersburg, where he was appointed conductor and inspector of the two Italian operas and remained in service until 1784. For Petersburg, he wrote nine new operas, including the famous " Barber of Seville" by the comedy The Barber of Seville by Beaumarchais. During his return, he wrote to the desire of the king of Poland in Warsaw a Te Deum and the oratorio " La Passione di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo " by Pietro Metastasio, as well as in Vienna on behalf of Joseph II twelve symphonies ( overtures ) and the opera " Il Re Teodoro in Venezia " with a libretto by Giovanni Battista Casti.

His return trip from Petersburg to Italy interrupted Paisiello in Vienna and met in 1784 for the second time with Mozart. In Italy, Paisiello settled in Naples and headed the court chapel of King Ferdinand IV. At the outbreak of the revolution in 1799 he did with the Republican government to provide good and retained his post as Kapellmeister Director of National Music. He fell out of favor with the king but by and had to wait two years after his return until he was taken up again in grace. In 1802 he accepted an invitation of Napoleon, who had been five years earlier awarded him for "Funeral Cantata for the commemoration of General Hoche ," emigrate to organize and lead his orchestra to Paris.

Since his operas there found little favor, he turned a year later, after he had written a lot of church music for the chapel of the First Consul, back to Naples. He could compete in his old job ( as the director of the French model furnished in place of the earlier schools of music Conservatory and the Royal Chapel ), which he also kept under Joseph Bonaparte and Joachim Murat. The restoration of the Bourbon rule in 1815 ( see also Congress of Vienna ) brought him to his status and the lucrative perquisites; on June 5, 1816, he died in needy circumstances.

Work

Paisiello wrote over 100 operas, an oratorio Passion, Christmas Pastorale, two requiems, three large orchestral masses, about 30 smaller four-part measuring and doppelchöriges Te Deum. In addition, he created a number of works of instrumental music: eight piano concertos, twelve piano quartets, six string quartets, a sonata, a concerto for harp and orchestra twelve symphonies.

Opera

Of his operas, which reveal the magic melodies and the dramatic impact of the Neapolitan school in ample measure, have the longest available in the public's favor:

• Il mondo della luna ( 1782 Kammenïy Ostrov )
• Il Barbiere di Siviglia (Eng. The Barber of Seville ) ( premiere in 1782 in St. Petersburg), which was, among others, in Rome so popular that it was considered a daring venture, as in 1816, Rossini wanted to compose the same libretto new.
• Il re Teodoro in Venezia (English King Theodore in Venice); 1784 premiere in Vienna.
• La molinara (Eng. The miller's wife ); Premiere in 1788 in Naples
• Nina, ossia la pazza per amore (Eng. Nina or The Madman of Love); Premiere in 1789 in Caserta

Chronological index of his operas

• Il Ciarlone ( May 12, 1764 Bologna)
• I francesi brillanti ( June 24, 1764 Bologna)
• Madama l' umorista, o Gli Stravaganti ( January 26, 1765 Modena)
• L' amore in ballo ( carn. 1765 Venezia SM)
• I bagni d' Abano ( spr.1765 Parma)
• Demetrio ( Lent.1765 Modena)
• Il negligente ( 1765 Parma)
• Le virtuoso ridicole ( 1765 Parma)
• Le nozze disturbate ( carn.1766 Venezia SM)
• Le feint contesse ( 2.1766 Roma V) [ Il Marchese di Tulissano ?]
• La bel di genio vedova ( spr.1766 Napoli N)
• L' idolo cinese ( spr.1767 Napoli N)
• Lucio Papirio dittatore ( sum.1767 Napoli SC)
• Il furbo malaccorto ( win.1767 Napoli N)
• Le ' mbroglie de la Bajasse (1767 Napoli F)
• Alceste in Ebuda, ovvero Olimpia ( January 20, 1768 Napoli SC)
• Festa teatrale in musica ( May 31, 1768 Napoli PR) [ Le nozze di Peleo e Tetide ]
• La luna abitata ( sum.1768 Napoli N)
• La finta maga per vendetta ( aut? .1768 Napoli F)
• L' osteria di Marechiaro ( win.1768 Napoli F)
• Il nuovo maestro di cappella
• La serva fatta padrona ( sum.1769 Napoli F) [ rev. Le ' mbroglie de la Bajasse ]
• Don Quixote della Mancia ( sum.1769 Napoli F)
• L' arabo cortese ( win.1769 Napoli N)
• La Zelmira, o sia La marina del Granatello ( sum.1770 Napoli N)
• Le trame per amore ( October 7, 1770 Napoli N)
• Annibale in Torino ( Torino TR January 16, 1771 )
• La somiglianza de ' nominal ( spr.1771 Napoli N)
• I scherzi d' amore e di fortuna ( sum.1771 Napoli N)
• Artaserse ( December 26, 1771 Modena)
• Semiramide in villa ( carn.1772 Roma Ca)
• Montezuma ( 1.1772 Roma D)
• La Dardanè ( spr.1772 Napoli N)
• Gli amante comici ( aut.1772 Napoli N)
• Don Anchise Campanone (1773 Venezia) [ rev. Gli amante comici ]
• L' innocente fortunata ( carn.1773 Venezia SM)
• Sismano nel Mogol ( carn.1773 Milano RD)
• Il tamburo ( spr.1773 Napoli N) [ Il tamburo nocturne ]
• Alessandro nell'Indie ( December 26, 1773 Modena)
• Andromeda ( carn.1774 Milano RD)
• Il duello ( spr.1774 Napoli N)
• Il credulo deluso ( aut.1774 Napoli N)
• La frascatana ( aut.1774 Venezia SS) [ L' infante de Zamora ]
• Il divertimento dei numi ( December 4, 1774 Napoli PR)
• Demofoonte ( carn.1775 Venezia SB)
• La discordia fortunata ( carn.1775 Venezia SS) [ L' avaro deluso ]
• L' amor ingegnoso, o sia La giovane scaltra ( carn.1775 Padova)
• Le astuzie amorose ( spr.1775 Napoli N)
• Il Socrate immaginario ( aut.1775 Napoli N)
• Il gran Cid ( November 3, 1775 Firenze P)
• Le due contesse ( January 3, 1776 Roma V)
• La disfatta di Dario ( carn.1776 Roma A)
• Dal finto il vero ( spr.1776 Napoli N)
• Nitteti ( January 28, 1777 St. Petersburg)
• Lucinda e Armidoro ( aut.1777 St. Petersburg)
• Achille in Sciro ( February 6, 1778 St. Petersburg)
• Lo sposo burlato ( July 24, 1778 St. Petersburg)
• Gli astrologi immaginari ( February 14, 1779 St. Petersburg E) [ Le philosophe imaginaire ]
• Il matrimonio inaspettato (1779 Kammenïy Ostrov ) [ La contadina di spirito ]
• La finta amante ( June 5, 1780 Mogilev ) [ Camiletta ]
• Alcide al bivio ( December 6, 1780 St. Petersburg E)
• La serva padrona (10? . Tsarskoye Selo September 1781 )
• Il duello comico ( 1782 Tsarskoye Selo ) [ rev. Il duello ]
• Il Barbiere di Siviglia, La ovvero precauzione inutile ( September 26, 1782 St. Petersburg)
• Il mondo della luna ( 1782 Kammenïy Ostrov )
• Il re Teodoro in Venezia ( August 23, 1784 Vienna B)
• Antigono ( October 12, 1785 Napoli SC)
• La Grotta di Trofonio ( 12.1785 Napoli F)
• Olimpiade ( January 20, 1786 Napoli SC)
• Le gare gene rose ( spr.1786 Napoli F) [ Gli schiavi per amore; Le bon maître, ou L' amour par esclave ]
• Pirro ( January 12, 1787 Napoli SC)
• Il Barbiere di Siviglia, La ovvero precauzione inutile [ rev ] (1787 Napoli F)
• La modista raggiratrice ( aut.1787 Napoli F) [ La amante scuffiara, o sia Il maestro di scuola napolitano; La scuffiara raggiratrice ]
• Giunone Lucina ( September 8, 1787 Napoli SC)
• Fedra ( January 1, 1788 Napoli SC)
• L' amor contrastato ( carn.1789 Napoli F) La molinara
• Catone in Utica ( February 5, 1789 Napoli SC)
• Nina, o sia La pazza per amore ( June 25, 1789 Caserta)
• Gli Zingari in fiera ( November 21, 1789 Napoli Fo)
• Le vane Gelosie ( spr.1790 Napoli F)
• Zenobia in Palmira ( May 30, 1790 Napoli SC)
• La molinara (1790 Vienna) [ rev. L' amor contrastato ]
• Nina, o sia La pazza per amore [ rev ] (1790 Napoli F)
• Ipermestra (1791 Padova)
• La locanda ( June 16, 1791 London Pantheon ) [ La locanda di falcone; Lo Stambo in Berlina ]
• I Giuochi d' Agrigento ( May 16, 1792 Venezia F)
• Il fanatico in Berlina (1792 Napoli F) [ rev. La locanda ]
• Il ritorno d' Idomeneo ( aut.1792 Perugia)
• Elfrida ( November 4, 1792 Napoli SC) [ Adevolto ]
• Elvira ( January 12, 1794 Napoli SC)
• Didone abbandonata ( November 4, 1794 Napoli SC)
• Nina, o sia La pazza per amore [ rev 2 ] (1795 Napoli F)
• Chi la dura la vince ( June 9, 1797 Milano S)
• La Daunia felice ( June 26, 1797 Foggia)
• Andromache ( November 4, 1797 Napoli, SC)
• L' inganno felice (1798 Napoli Fo)
• Sinfonia funebre (1799 to the death of Pope Pius VI. )
• Proserpine ( March 28, 1803 Paris O)
• Elisa ( March 19, 1807 Napoli SC) [ Mayr ]
• I pittagorici ( March 19, 1808 Napoli SC)

Discography

• Overtures and Symphonies. Orchestra della Svizzera italiana. Dynamic, Genova 2001 ( CDS 376).
• Piano Concertos Nos. 1 -8. Pietro Spada (piano & conductor), Orchestra da Camera di Santa Cecilia. Brilliant, DDD, 1992 (2 CDs).
• Piano Concertos No. 2 & 4 Proserpine Overture (Naxos 2003: Francesco Nicolosi, Philarmonicum Collegium Chamber Orchestra, Cappabianca )
• Other CDs