Gypsy-Jazz
The Gypsy Jazz ( Gypsy short ), also Jazz Manouche or Gypsy Jazz called (older, sometimes still used term gypsy jazz ), is a variant of swing.
Development
The beginnings of gypsy jazz can be traced to the activities of the brothers Pierre Joseph " Baro " Sarane and Jean " Matelo " Ferret in France, who played the late 1920s, the Valse Musette Swing articulation, while primarily concerned with the stylistic device of chord decomposition ( Arpeggio) improvised. A broadening took this approach in the game of Belgian-born guitarist Django Reinhardt, particularly in the Quintette du Hot Club de France with violinist Stephane Grappelli, the most popular European jazz band of the 1930s. The compositions Reinhardt and extended chords he uses are based on the same scales. Other Gypsy guitarists working in Paris at the time also very popular Musette ensembles. Until today, the Swing Musette - in addition to pieces of Django Reinhardt - an important component of the gypsy jazz repertoire.
Gypsy Jazz is the first originated in Europe, jazz style. He has long since found world recognition (eg annual festival " DjangoFest " in the U.S.), but still in Europe, most practicing musicians and the largest audience. Django Reinhardt was the first representative of this jazz direction, who achieved world fame. Currently is currently believed Stochelo Rosenberg of the world's most famous artist. Other prominent guitarists of the swing -oriented gypsy jazz are Babik Reinhardt, mondine Garcia, Biréli Lagrène Tchavolo Schmitt ( Tony Gatlif's film known from Swing), Dorado Schmitt and Samson Schmitt, his son. Which should be mentioned: Angelo Debarre, Raphael Fays, Fapy Lafertin, Yorgui Loeffler, Ritary Gaguenetti, Gismo Graf, Robin Nolan, Dario Pinelli, Mandino Reinhardt, novels, Jimmy Rosenberg, Tornado Rosenberg, Patrick Saussois, Diknu Schneeberger, Joscho Stephan, Lulu White and Patrick Saussois. Among the rhythm guitarist wood Manno Winterstein, Hono Winterstein and Titi Bamberger stand out particularly.
In the traditional form of gypsy jazz the tone of the Hot Club Quintet today are dominant: violin, solo and two rhythm guitars, bass. On the drums can be dispensed with her Swing Drive because of the typical percussive guitar accompaniment ( la pompe ). Partly also clarinet and accordion are used. In contrast, the singing is only maintained by a part of the groups. Only a few singers able to establish themselves in the genre; Here are Kitty Winter, Dunja Blum or Dotschy Reinhardt mentioned.
It is typical of the traditional form of the gypsy jazz that it is handed down by family bound. In general, it is so passed from father to son, from his uncle to his nephew, without being listed in writing. It is common for beginners to listen for hours, learning the songs by heart, and the older players abschauen their playing techniques. Within the clan, the bands consist more or less as a family, where sons with her father and her cousins go on tour and perfect their style of play due to the intense Musiziererfahrungen.
As guitars traditionally come the Maccaferri guitar used, as they were built in the 30s by italinienischen Maccaferri guitar maker for the Paris-based company Selmer. This type of guitar and today's replicas is characterized by a large volume. The instrument is played sitting down, is covered with steel strings and is played with a pick.
Gypsy jazz in German-speaking
The term "gypsy jazz " or not recently selected by the musicians with a view to their audience like, also older term " music German Gypsy " came in the 1960s, because this music closely related Sinti musicians within the violinist Schnuckenack Reinhardt and Häns'che Weiss was connected and stylistically the model of the Manouche musician Django Reinhardt with his oriented " Hot Club " cast. A different occupation presented with Alfred Lora La Romanderie. The German musical "Gypsy " reached the late 70s and early 80s a peak in popularity, which could not be achieved in the subsequent period. From this traditionalist faction of Sinti musicians broke away during the 1980s a group of younger musicians. These tend partially more towards modern jazz.
In recent times, the Sinti jazz enjoyed a renaissance in Germany. Here are the Zigeli Winter Quartet and the 16 Gypsy Strings from Stuttgart and Wawau to call eagle from Karlsruhe; also worth mentioning is the young guitarist Stephan Joscho from Mönchengladbach, who is also taking trips to the Klezmer music. Coming from Vienna are Harri Stojka ( which is not a Sinto, but a different subgroup of Roma is a member) and Zipflo Weinrich very active.
Innovative game modes
A modal style of play as opposed to the traditionally oriented chord ( arpeggio so ) improvisation style with representatives of Gypsy Modern Jazz usually self-evident; the more recent idiom of jazz-rock, with an oriented funk and soul or the Latin Jazz play is closer than that of the swing of the 1930s for her. Partially used the music to articulate a political commitment against arbitrary authority and social discrimination.
In other countries, younger Sinti have left the Swingidiom. The first here is the French guitarist Boulou Ferré mentioned, which already could break around 1970 from his father's tradition ( Matelo Ferret ) on training with Olivier Messiaen in the direction of free jazz. Not quite as autonomous as at Boulou and his brother Elios Ferré was the replacement process with other guitarists, such as Christian Escoudé or Biréli Lagrène who set off in the direction of jazz rock and fusion, but partly reflected the tradition of musette in elegant arrangements. From Austria are here Harri Stojka and Karl Ratzer mentioned.
Other well-known individual agents and groups who develop the gypsy jazz innovative on, are the Oechsner - white ensemble, Lulo Reinhardt and Mark, Hannes Beckmann, Ferenc Snétberger, Joscho Stephan, Django Lassi and the group Opa Tsupa.