Hammer and sickle
Hammer and sickle are symbols for work in the industry ( hammer ) and agriculture (sickle ) are. In general, a political statement is intended with them.
Besides these two symbols often found themselves this also the gear, the ear and the staff of Aesculapius and the Mercury for the symbolization of science and trade up in the beginning of the 20th century. Ear, gear, hammer and sickle can be found in the political symbolism to this day, while Mercury and caduceus lost importance.
Hammer and sickle is a symbol of communism. Depending on the context, the use of this symbol is banned in several countries such as Latvia, Lithuania and Moldova; also existed in Poland for a short time a ban.
- 6.1 Unicode
- HTML 6.2
- 7.1 Transnistria
- 7.2 France
History
The symbol was designed by the painter Yevgeny Ivanovich Kamsolkin (1885-1957) on May 1, 1918, a party decoration in Moscow. The 5th All-Russian Soviet Congress declared the sign a few months later with the state emblem and it was then inserted into the arms of the Soviet Union and the Union republics.
Occurrence
Hammer and sickle as components of political symbolism, there are worldwide. They are used not only as an official emblem on flags, currency or the like, but also of political parties. Your use mainly the left, however, sometimes right-wing organizations. Your deposits has declined sharply since about 1990.
Hammer and Sickle served in the 20th century, mainly as a symbol of communism on the flag of the former Soviet Union. Even the former state emblem of the GDR with hammer and sickle in wreath of grain had the same function: the symbolization of the " workers 'and peasants' state " in alliance with the "intelligence". The circle stands for the intelligence as a social layer in the GDR, the people said with university or technical college degree and artists.
On banknotes and coins of the German Empire, the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich hammer, sickle, plow or sheaf of wheat were common in the stylized worker or the worker. Important here was the symbolization of power and strength, which is based on the work. Therefore, the banknotes were not random at the same time be regarded warlike symbols that embody the defensive capability, such as the Nationalallegorie Germania with shield and sword. In pairs we find the hammer and sickle rarely on the German money sign until 1945. For example, in the realm Kassenschein 5 Mark - issued under the law of 30 April 1874 by the National Debt Office.
More often one finds together hammer and compass, or at least in pairs in the symbolism of political right organizations. This comes as anti-communist propaganda, or in connection with an eagle, such as the "Young National Covenant" or the "German young people" before.
From 1920 to 1934, and again since 1945, the eagle of the Austrian coat of arms in its talons also contributes hammer and sickle. However, this is not a vestige of socialist ideas, but together with the mural crown on the head of the eagle as a symbol of the bourgeoisie only a reference to the three traditional objects on which the state rests.
Examples
Hammer, sickle and ears of corn in the State Emblem of Soviet Union
Federal coat of arms of Austria
Flag of the Communist Party of China
Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Flag of the Communist Party of Lebanon
Red October
Fourth International Logo
Coat of arms of the Armenian SSR
Coat of arms of Azerbaijan SSR
Logo of the historic KPD
Logo of the Communist Party of Sweden
Aeroflot uniform
Modifications
Machete and gear ( Angola)
In the flag of Angola, the symbolic statement is reversed but retained content and graphics.
The semi-circular crescent of the farmers will be replaced by the gear of the workers and just hammer the workers by the machete of the farmers.
Hammer and barley ( Hungary)
In the Hungarian coat of arms of the hammer was used as a symbol of the working class and the ear as a symbol for the farmers from 1949 to 1956. This coat of arms was performed in the same period in the Hungarian national flag.
Hammer and Hoe (People's Republic of Congo)
In the former flag (1970-1991) of the People's Republic of the Congo (now Congo) is the crossed with a hoe hammer for the unification of the peasants with the industrial workers.
Hammer and sickle in wreath of grain ( German Democratic Republic)
In the state emblem of the German Democratic Republic, the statement of the symbol by the hammer ( working class ), the circle (intelligence ) and instead of the sickle Ährenkranz ( farmers ) has been made.
Hammer and sickle of the Chinese Communists
The Chinese Communist Party used a slightly different icon. The handle of the knife is rounded, the yellow slightly darker.
Symbol of the Juche idea
The emblem is made of hammer, sickle and the traditional Korean brush composed (representing writers and intellectuals ). The ideological symbolism is therefore related to that of the GDR coat of arms. Here you can see the symbol on the flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.
Hoe and Kalashnikov
The flag and the coat of arms of Mozambique, there is a strong variation of the hammer and sickle, while the hoe symbolizes the peasant class, the Kalashnikov is the struggle for independence and the open book to represent the intelligence of the country.
Hammer with cross and crescent
In the symbol of Christian communism is located in the hammer a line representing the cross. The symbol of Christianity.
National flags with the hammer and sickle or similar symbols
These flags are or were hammer and sickle or it used modified symbols:
View as characters on the computer
Unicode
The hexadecimal Unicode of the hammer and sickle symbol is U 262 D. The result is ☭ or as a graphic symbol if the Unicode character set used does not include this character.
Some operating systems and graphical user interfaces such as GNOME allow for the presentation of the hammer and sickle as a special character while pressing Ctrl Shift u, followed by the code 262D.
HTML
Has to enter the string in ☭ HTML code also display the symbol as a character result.
Today
Transnistria
In the state emblem of the internationally unrecognized Transnistria, the icon from the Soviet era has received.
France
The French Communist Party (PCF ) separates 2013 from Hammer and Sickle.
Ban
The use of the symbol hammer and sickle, as well as that of the Red Star and other communist symbols or also the anthem of the Soviet Union, Hungary forbidden (since 1994 ), Latvia and Lithuania ( since 2008), Moldova (since 2012). Such a prohibition existed since 2009 in Poland, with the judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 19 July 2011 but it has been declared unconstitutional and considered by the void ab initio.