Hans Sachs
Hans Sachs ( born November 5, 1494 in Nuremberg, † January 19, 1576 ) was a Nuremberg shoemaker, proverbs, Meistersinger and dramatist.
Biography
Hans Sachs was born on November 5, 1494, the son of a master tailor Jörg Sachs. After attending a grammar school he attended from 1509 to 1511 a shoemaker teaching. He then went as was customary for five years journeyman hike.
During this time he served temporarily at the court of Emperor Maximilian I in Innsbruck and is said to have determined there to study the Master Sangs. Then he began to take lessons in the same year with Master Lienhard Nunnenbeck in Munich. 1516 settled Sachs then finally in Nuremberg down, was in 1520 a master shoemaker, active guild member of the Meistersinger, and at times their Chairman ( 1555 ).
On September 1, 1519, he married Gwendolyn Creutzer (* 1502). From the marriage seven children were born, which he, however, all survived. After Cunegonde had died in 1560, he married on September 2, 1561 the young widow Barbara Harscher.
Early on, Sachs took the side of the Reformation and spread the teachings of Martin Luther, for example, with his poem The Wittenbergische Nightingale ( 1523), a popular presentation of the teachings of Luther, with whom he gained first fame. As a result, Sachs produced more than 6,000 works, many of them in doggerel ( memory verse: " The Hans Sachs, who was a shoe / maker and poet too " ), and became one of the most famous poets of the 16th century. Hans Sachs died on January 19, 1576 and was buried at the Nuremberg St. John's Cemetery.
Contemporary meaning
His reputation among his contemporaries he owed mainly to his work as Meistersinger. Even Sachs was in his lifetime a read, and above all a played author.
Sachs itself began in 1558 with the issuance of the Nuremberg folio edition of his works and thus contributed significantly to the spread of its Shrovetide plays, farces, dramas, poems and prose dialogues in the pressure at.
In addition to these works, Hans Sachs was also well known as a supporter and advocate of the Reformation movement. He wrote mainly in the years 1523-1526 Reformation dialogues and time-critical pamphlets or even the Reformation Song wax, whose original Wagner set to music in Die Meistersinger.
This commitment was not without negative consequences for him. By the then authorities Sachs was forbidden to write, and had to be limited to his work as a shoemaker. But summed up the Reformation soon walk in Nuremberg, which in 1529 declared himself a Protestant; the restriction was lifted and Hans Sachs then a folk hero.
Historical Significance
Sachs ' work is considered as an important witness to the rich urban bourgeois culture of the 16th century.
Hans Sachs is considered the most talented and most famous of the Meistersinger and is probably the only one with lasting fame. He is also the one about the most is known. The strict rules and artisanal approach to the poetry of the Meistersinger produced a kind of poetry that are not found much favor with later generations.
The historical significance of the Meistersinger movement lies in the fact that these citizens incited to operate gasket only for your own pleasure and your kin. His carnival games are considered his best works and are still performed today. In this and some other of his works, he goes beyond the rules of a true champion Sang.
From the compositions of Hans Sachs was especially the silver way, appeared in the Zwickau manuscript, in memory. Parts of it are also in the chorales Sleepers awake us the voice and A Mighty Fortress Is Our God quotes.
In the 17th century, Sachs was largely forgotten. All the more remarkable is its mention by multiple Grimmelshausenmuseum in the novel The Adventurous Simplicissimus. Only by Goethe, Wieland, Lortzingstraße ( opera Hans Sachs ) and especially by Richard Wagner, Hans Sachs in his opera The Mastersingers of Nuremberg made it one of the main characters, he was officially rediscovered.
Works
Survey
Hans Sachs wrote over 6,000 pieces of different nature, including more than 4,000 Master chants. Exact specifications vary greatly depending on the secondary literature, mainly because it is not always clear whether it is an individual work, or to a larger context. A comparison of the sources is difficult because plants are put by different authors in different categories.
Therefore His productivity is particularly noteworthy because he continued to work as a shoemaker in his life. This was necessary because Meistersinger, is the extent known, did not write for money or sang.
In addition to the Meistersang Sachs dominated three other literary genres: The banner poem in imitation of Hans Rosenplüt and Hans Folz, the game and the prose dialogue.
Processed in his numerous works substances are of different nature. So his songs are spiritual in almost equal and secular content; the saying poems have spiritual, historical, political and farcical content. He often worked on the same material in multiple genres.
These under Sachs ' works are also his standing in the Nuremberg tradition farces and carnival games. In his comedies and tragedies, he draws mainly on biblical, classical and medieval. These have adapted to the petty-bourgeois imagination, usually a didactic and satirical character.
To the urban population almost bring religious and secular education, Sachs does in prose dialogue fictitious persons, the problems of the Reformation and the proper conduct of life discuss. Sachs went here often aim is to represent the interests of the commercial driving bourgeoisie, by propagating peace, order, honesty and reason.
The Meistersinger volumes were formerly part of the Zwickau Ratsschulbibliothek. Today you can find most of the estate to master songs and saying poems in the municipal archives of Zwickau. Alone of the world's total of twenty-one volumes existing master songs are here fourteen volumes available. There are a further two fourths and six folio volumes Master chants (MG 2,3,4,5,8,12,13 and 15), six folio volumes saying poems (SG 4,11,12,13,16 and 18) as well as the Sachs ' catalog of works.
Other important works:
- The Hofgesin of Venus ( Shrovetide play, 1517)
- The Wittenbergische Nightingale ( poem, 1523)
- Dialogues ( 1524), new edition: Island Library 579/2 (1976)
- Cockaigne ( Schwank, 1530)
- The fools Cutting ( Shrovetide play, 1534)
- The pregnant Bauer ( Carnival Games, 1544)
- The hell with the crone ( Shrovetide play, 1545 )
- The driving school in Paradise ( Shrovetide play, 1550 )
- The Kälberbrüten ( Shrovetide play, 1551 )
- Various children ( Drama, 1553)
- The grocer basket ( Shrovetide play, 1554 )
- St. Peter the goat ( Schwank, 1555)
- Eygentliche Description All items auff earth. Franckfurt at Mayn 1568, online edition of the Saxon State Library - State and University Library Dresden
Complete Edition
Artistic works on Hans Sachs
- Goethe's poem of Hans Sachs poetic mission of 1776
- Hans Sachs, play by Johann Ludwig Deinhardstein, 1827
- Hans Sachs, opera by Albert Lortzingstraße, 1840
- Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, opera by Richard Wagner, 1868
Honors
His bust -up took place in the hall of fame in Munich.
In Nuremberg, remember Sachs, the Hans -Sachs- monument on the Hans- Sachs-Platz, created by the Nuremberg sculptor Johann Konrad Krausser, the Hans -Sachs -Gasse and the marriage carousel - a fountain of artist Jürgen Weber, whose motives on Sachs ' The poem is based bittersweet married life.
1894 was conducted in remembrance the Hans -Sachs- hard and a commemorative sheet of the architect and painter Carl Hammer ( 1845-1897 ) designed as a color lithograph.
A Hans -Sachs- statue stood in Bremen on Ostertorsteinweg 38 and is in the Wulwesstraße since 1907 11
Sachs is the namesake of the Hans -Sachs -Haus, the Council and community center Gelsenkirchen. Schools in Nuremberg ( Hans -Sachs -Gymnasium Nürnberg), Oberhausen, winter creek in Bavaria, Cologne, Schwaz ( Austria ) and formerly in Berlin (Hans -Sachs- high school ) are named after him, as well as several streets in Germany and Austria.
The Hans Sachs Prize was one of the city of Nuremberg in the 1970s, twice conferred Literature Prize. After cuts to the culture budget prevented a further award. The two winners in 1975 Fitzgerald Kusz for the one-act play Féich and 1976 Franz Hohler for short plays.