Hermann Lotze

Rudolf Hermann Lotze ( born May 21, 1817 in Budissin (now Bautzen ); † July 1, 1881 in Berlin) was one of the central figures of the academic philosophy of the 19th century and belonged to the 1920s of the best known and most widely discussed philosophers Germany, which also enjoyed a high reputation worldwide. Compared to the protagonists of German idealism or the well-known philosopher of the 19th century who worked outside the academic tradition, he is less known today.

Life

Lotze was born as the third child of a military physician in Bautzen. He attended high school in Zittau, where he was also a year working as a general practitioner later. He studied in Leipzig, obtaining his doctorate in philosophy in 1839 and his habilitation in 1840 in medicine and philosophy. In 1844 he was appointed professor in Göttingen, dropping his most important works in this time. Parts of his late works, especially his system of philosophy, connecting to Berlin, where he was appointed in 1880, where he also short time later (1881 ) died. Among his most famous student Josiah Royce belongs.

Work, criticism and meaning

In his time and until the First World War Lotze regarded as the main German metaphysician Hegel and pioneering naturalist.

As a philosopher Lotze learned of Johann Friedrich Herbart and Christian Hermann Weisse suggestions, but felt ( as he himself said ) most attracted by Leibniz. As a physiologist he rejected in 1843 in his treatise life and vitality of the ( uncritical ) vitalism. His scientific point designated as Lotze teleological idealism by metaphysics did not in itself, but rather in ethics began.

Lotze embodied to a large extent, both scientific and philosophical competence. He tried to reconcile heterogeneous interests over again. In his youth he joined the enthusiasm for science with his love of poetry, a book of poems published by him was judged by critics but negative. Later he studied with the tensions between science and speculation and between logic and metaphysics. Furthermore, he tried to convey mechanism and teleology. His late work is characterized by a system of trial in which it Lotze was about the unity of different philosophical disciplines.

Today Lotze, although less known. More recently, parts of his work experience however, shows a slightly higher appreciation. Its high impact on the scientific and philosophical discussion of his time not only in Germany is undisputed. The British neo-Hegelianism was also influenced by him as Ritschl and the Ritschlians or American pragmatism. In Germany appealed to him representatives of neo-Kantianism, among other things, he also influenced phenomenology and Dilthey school.

Lotze also introduced the terms " validity " and " value " in the philosophical discussion.

He distinguished between the three realms of reality, of truth and values ​​.

His medical studies were pioneering work in the field of scientific psychology. Major he served also in the field of aesthetics and its history.

Since Bruno stomach was repeatedly made aware of the possible association between Lotze's logic and central parts of the Philosophy of Gottlob Frege. As the similarities antipsychologism the validity of the theory and individual expressions are called, especially Lotze's claim that the mathematics let be justified by the logic.

Writings

  • Metaphysics, Weidmann'sche bookstore, Leipzig 1841 ( another scan, ditto)
  • General pathology and treatment as mechanical science, Weidmann'sche bookstore, Leipzig 1842; 2nd edition 1848 ( other scan )
  • Logic, Weidmann'sche bookstore, Leipzig 1843 ( other scan )
  • About the concept of beauty, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1845 (reprinted from the Göttingen studies; another scan )
  • About conditions of artistic beauty, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 1847 (reprinted from the Göttingen studies)
  • Medicinische psychology or physiology of the soul, Weidmann'sche bookstore, Leipzig 1852 ( other scan ); anastatic reprint A. Dannenberg, Berlin 1896 ( with image Lotze )
  • Microcosm. Ideas of natural history and human history. Attempt to anthropology, S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1856-1864 ( this work also made ​​him known in his time on the subject boundaries ) The first volume, 1856 ( The Body, The Soul, Life, another scan, ditto ); 2nd edition 1869; 3rd edition 1876 ( other scan ); 4th edition 1884; 5th edition 1896 ( with image Lotze )
  • Second volume in 1858 ( Man, The Spirit, The course of the world; another scan, ditto, ditto ); 2nd edition 1869; 3rd edition 1878 ( other scan ); 4th Edition 1885 ( other scan ); 5th edition 1905
  • Third volume in 1864 ( History, Progress, The connection of things; another scan, ditto ); 2nd edition 1872 ( another scan, ditto ); 3rd edition 1880; 4th Edition 1888 ( other scan )
  • First Part. Three books of logic, 1874 ( by thought, by investigating and by recognizing the first book is a revised version of logic, 1843; another scan, ditto ); 2nd edition 1880
  • Second Part. Three books of metaphysics, 1879 (ontology, cosmology and psychology; another scan, ditto)

Posthumously

  • Series Dictate / dictations from the lectures, S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1881-1884 Robert Lotze ( Eds.): Principles of Psychology, 1881 (winter semester 1880/81, with directory of literary publications of Hermann Lotze 's; another scan, ditto ); Eduard Rehnisch (ed.): 2nd edition 1882 ( other scan )
  • Broad Philosophy of Religion, 1882 ( winter semester 1878/79 ); 2nd edition 1884 (summer semester 1875 and winter semester 1878/79; another scan )
  • Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1882 ( winter semester 1876/77, with Lotze 's Abgangszeugniß of the University of Leipzig; another scan )
  • Broad practical philosophy, 1882 ( summer semester 1880); 2nd edition 1884 (summer semester 1878; another scan )
  • History of German philosophy since Kant, 1882 ( summer semester 1879, with Hermann Lotze 's survey of teaching activity at the universities of Leipzig, Göttingen and Berlin from 1839 to 1881 ); 2nd edition 1894 ( other scan )
  • Broad metaphysics, 1883 (ontology, cosmology, phenomenology; another scan )
  • Principles of Logic and Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1883 ( other scan ); 2nd edition 1885 ( other scan ); 3rd edition 1891
  • Broad Aesthetics, 1884 (summer semester 1856, with Appendix to Hermann Lotze 's biography of Edward Rehnisch )
  • The first volume, 1885 ( another scan, ditto)
  • Second volume in 1886 ( another scan, ditto)
  • Third volume. First Section, 1891 ( other scan )

Revisions

  • Georg Misch (ed.): Logic ( System of Philosophy I. ), Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1912 (with picture Lotze ); 2nd edition 1928
  • The instinct. A psychological analysis, Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1919 ( reprint of Instinct in Rudolph Wagner ( ed.). Dictionary of physiology Second volume, Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1844, pp. 191-209 )
  • Gottfried Gabriel (ed.): Logic. First book. Thinking, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-7873-0936-5
  • Gottfried Gabriel (ed.): Logic. Third Book. From identifying what, Felix Meiner, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-7873-0772-9
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