Hochkalter
Hochkalter with blue ice from the north
The hochkalter the Berchtesgaden Alps is at an altitude of 2607 m the highest peak of the massif of the same name (also: High Cold Mountains, hochkalter floor, hochkalter solid ), and thus one of the highest mountains in Germany. The hochkalter massif is located west of watzmann massif and lies like this in the Berchtesgaden National Park. The High Cold Mountains divided into subgroups hochkalter group Hocheis Group and Southern Wimbachkette. The most important base of the massif is the Blaueishütte the German Alpine Club at 1653 m altitude in Blaueiskar below the blue ice of the glacier in the northern Alps. More shelters are the Bergheim Hirschbichl for Hocheisgruppe that Wimbachgrieshütte for increases in the eastern flank of the massif and the Ingolstadt house for the Southern Wimbachkette.
Geology of the High Cold Mountains
The High Cold Mountains is like the entire Northern Limestone Alps from a mixture of dolomite and limestone. In the high Cold and Hocheisgruppe is mainly present the firmer Dachstein limestone, which goes back to deposits in the Tethys in the younger Triassic ( 220 million years ago ). In the formation of the Alps, the banked Dachsteinkalkschichten have now been tilted by tectonic plate movement of the African and European continental plates at an angle of 30 ° to 40 °, which is well recognized by the hochkalter solid especially in Ofental. The Southern Wimbachkette consists largely of brittle Ramsau, who has contributed significantly to the Aufschotterung Wimbachtales.
Landslides
On hochkalter solid it always came back to large rockslides. In prehistoric times - around 3500 years ago - fell from the upper Blaueiskar more than 15 million cubic meters of rock into the valley. This landslide also Hintersee was dammed. Even today, the large boulders in the enchanted forest of this tremendous event. But in recent times, it always came back to cliff edges to a greater extent:
- On August 24, 1908, the summit of the Hochkalter crashed and changed shape and height of the peak significantly. The volume of broken rock mass is estimated at 240,000 m³. The rock demolition was palpable in the Ramsau valley as earthquakes.
- On 25 July 1954, the second Blaueisturm crashed to the ground in the northern ridge of the Blaueisspitze.
- On the day nine years later, on 25 July 1963 resulted in the demolition of a post at the Schärtenspitze significantly increased difficulties in the north wall route.
- In February 1959 several hundred thousand cubic meters of rock from the area of Palfelhörner slipped on the snow base to the rear Wimbachtal.
In general, the brittleness of the rock in Wimbachtal is particularly clear. The valley floor is covered by debris flowing in large cardinality. This spectacular scenery can be experienced by all who Ramsau (parking Wimbachbrücke ) the valley first by the Wimbachklamm and then on the opening hiked valley floor (about one hour to Gasthaus Wimbachschloss, another hour to Wimbachgrieshütte, 1327 m).
Alpinism
Hochkalter
The hochkalter ( 2607 m ) with its satellites is a versatile and rewarding field for tours of all kind, the climbers are from simple hikes on climbing trips for all levels to ski touring options open. Even with a challenging glacier ascent of the high Cold can provide. The summit climbs are suitable only for experienced mountaineers. The 1830 committed route taken by the first Bishop Prince Schwarzenberg and his leader Gemminger, Tatz and wine by the high Cold - western flank ( by the so-called Cold ditch ) never became popular because it is difficult to find and sooner were opposed to hunting interests of a commission.
Hochkalter - Normal about the " beautiful spot "
The hochkalter - Normal, a partly exposed and long Gratanstieg, was climbed for the first time in 1833 by Karl Thurwieser and the leader of wine. He has several locations in the second difficulty of the UIAA scale. The increase results from the Blaueiskar over a steep chute to Grateinschartung of " Beautiful spot ," from the up to the main summit follow the ridge south across Rotpalfen and small cold (about 3 ½ hours from Blaueishütte ).
By Ofental
The increase by the Ofental is slightly lighter ( Difficulty Level I ) as the route through the beautiful spot. However, the orientation is more difficult and there is no hut along the way. In the upper Ofental extensive rubble fields complicate the rise. Therefore, the route can be through the valley much more often in out-than the rise. In spring the Ofental is a popular ski tour.
About the blue ice and the East Ridge
This first of Ramsauer mountain guide, Johann Grill ( called Kederbacher ) in 1874, carried out with E. Richter increase is significantly more demanding than the Lead on the beauty spot or Ofentalroute. He leads from the Blaueishütte over the glacier in the 2400 m high Blaueisscharte and from there via the east ridge to the summit. The slope of the increase is on the glacier up to 50 °. Favorable season for the commission is usually the early summer, as later in the increasing snowmelt increasingly bare ice can come to light and increase the difficulty of the marginal gap exceeded considerably below the Blaueisscharte. The saddle separates the hochkalter summit of the 2480 m high Blaueisspitze. This was the occasion to enter a new route on the hochkalter on June 14, first time in 1885 by the Salzburg gym teacher Ludwig Purtscheller and can be taken out of the saddle from not difficult »«. Above the Blaueisscharte have to be managed in the rocks of the high Cold - East Ridge longer passages in the second difficulty.
Blaueisumrahmung
From experienced alpinists, the so -called " Blaueisumrahmung " is like climbing that leads from the Eisbodenscharte about Blaueistürme, Blaueisspitze, high and small as well as the Cold Rotpalfen back to Blaueishütte. Until Blaueisspitze it involves a climb in the fourth difficulty of the UIAA scale. The route touches, apart from a Schärtenspitze and Steinberg, all the peaks, the horseshoe-shaped stand around the Blaueisgletscher.
Schärtenspitze
The summit of Schärtenspitze ( 2153 m) can be reached from the Blaueishütte in about 1 ¼ hours on the marked trail. The summit panorama is dominated by Blaueisgletscher and its framing, the watzmann - western flank and the Reitheralm. Who does not want to go back to Blaueishütte, the possibility to descend on the Eisbodenscharte to lonely mountain pasture ( Difficulty Level I ) and on into the Wimbachtal offers a worthwhile alternative. Both in the rise of the cottage and in the descent from the mountain pasture Eisbodenscharte for some cable Insurance are attached. In addition, the Schärtenspitze is a popular destination, including the short ascents may have contributed from the Blaueishütte also climbers sharper direction. Due to the northern and northeastern wall run several routes in the higher difficulty levels.
Ofentalhörnl
The Ofentalhörnl ( 2513 m) has two peaks. The main summit is only accessible in easy climbing and is rarely climbed. The normal route leads from the Ofental by the crisscrossed by platy bands northern flank and has passages in the second level of difficulty on. In contrast, the few meters lower East summit can be reached easily from the Steintal on the Steintalscharte. In the spring of this route is a popular ski tour.
Hocheisspitze
→ Main article: Hocheisspitze
The highest peak of Hocheisgruppe that Hocheisspitze ( 2523 m) is simple, but unmarked and very difficult to achieve by the Hocheiskar. The first tourist ascent was conducted by Hermann von Barth 1868. The summit is the highest point of the so-called Hocheisumrahmung, one of the longest closed Gratklettereien the Berchtesgaden Alps (third level of difficulty, 10 to 14 hours). In spring, the Hocheisspitze is a very popular ski touring destination.
Kammerling Horn
The Kammerling Horn ( 2483 m) is the southernmost peak of Hocheisgruppe and wears a big cross on the summit. From the pass Hirschbichl a marked trail leads to the summit not difficult, either on the north side of the Bindalm and Mittereisalm, or from the south via the Kammerling pastures. The -faceted at the top of the chamber Ling horn ridge forms with high Kammerling Horn, Hocheisspitze, Hinternberg Horn and Hocheishörnl the outline of the Hocheiskares.
Palfelhörner
This summit of the Southern Wimbachkette, which are also called Palfenhörner consist of brittle Ramsau. The Great Palfelhorn ( 2222m ) can be reached from the Wimbachscharte or from the Hochwies saddle on a broken ridge and across broad segments of a path. The upstream into Wimbachgries Small Palfelhorn ( 2073 m), however, is reserved for the climbers and is rarely visited because of its extreme fragility. The path taken by the first Franz von Schilcher, Johann Punz and J. Schöttl (1885) is no longer accessible after a landslide. He was at the time next to the east wall of watzmann as difficult ascent of the Berchtesgaden Alps. The current normal route is the descent of the first Steiger and requires climbing in the second difficulty. George White (1877-1937), the great Berchtesgaden ski pioneer who boarded the Small Palfelhorn more than 80 times.
Seehorn
The Seehorn ( 2321 m) is a popular hiking mountain, also a well-known ski trip leads to its summit. Its summit consists of Dachstein Limestone. West of Seehorn is the Kallbrunnalm, one of the largest pastures of Berchtesgaden. To the south lies the This stream reservoir.
The peak of the high Cold Mountain Overview
- Hochkalter Group Hochkalter, 2607 m
- Ofentalhörnl, 2513 m
- Small Kalter, 2513 m
- Blaueisspitze, 2480m
- Steintalhörnl, 2468 m
- Schönwandeck 2450 m
- Rotpalfen ( wall of water head), 2367 m
- Schärtenspitze, 2153 m
- Schärtenwandkopf, 2065 m
- Steinberg, 2065 m
- At the Dog 1803 m
- Stanglahnerkopf 1791 m
- Schottmalhorn 1662 m
- Hocheis Group Hocheisspitze, 2523 m
- Behind Unterberghorn, 2493m
- Kammerling Horn, 2483 m
- Wimbachschneidspitze, 2368 m
- Behind peak, 2247 m
- Hocheishörnl 2252 m
- Karl Kogel, 2195 m
- Eislhörnl, 2095 m
- Vorderberghörnl, 2083 m
- Kleineishörnl 1934 m
- Southern Wimbachkette Seehorn, 2321 m
- Alpelhorn, 2254 m
- Large Palfelhorn 2222 m
- Prunnerkopf, 2076 m
- Small Palfelhorn, 2073 m
- Kühleitenschneid ( Connection Ridge between the Great dogbane and Big Palfelhorn )
- Sigeretkopf, 2066 m