Berchtesgaden Alps

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High King of the South

The Berchtesgaden Alps are a mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps in the Eastern Alps with an area of about 35 × 45 km. Proportion of the Berchtesgaden Alps, Germany have with the Free State of Bavaria and Austria with the province of Salzburg. The mountain range is located between Saalachstrasse, Salzach and Lake Zell around Berchtesgaden. The highest peak is the High King with 2941 m above sea level. A.

Boundary and adjacent mountain ranges

The Berchtesgaden Alps border the following other mountain groups in the Alps:

Separated Salzkammergut mountains in the east ( Osterhorngruppe ) by the Salzburg basin ( Salzburg, Hallein )
Tennen mountains in the southeast, through the Salzach breakthrough at Pass Lueg
Salzburg Slate Alps in the south, by the line Bischofshofen - Mühlbach ( Mühlbach ) - Dientener saddle - Tendered - Filzensattel - Urslau about Maria Alm to Saalfelden
Kitzbühel Alps for a small piece in the southwest near Saalfelden
Lofer and Leogang Mountains in the west from Salzburg Saalachtal to Lofer
Chiemgau Alps in the northwest of toads (Salzburg) on the Bavarian Schneizlreuth to Bad Reichenhall

The Berchtesgaden Alps are under this name in the widespread Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps (AVE ) performed as the group 10 and included in the group of the Northern Eastern Alps.

The mountain group breakdown by Trimmel, as is common in the Austrian Hydrographic, refers to a large extent identical with the Berchtesgaden Alps as No 1330 Salzburg Alps. and it maps the North Tyrolean Limestone Alps - Salzburg (1300). In the Salzburg Regional Geography counting the Austrian Shares at the Salzburg Kalkhochalpen.

Landscape and structure

The Berchtesgaden Alps are divided into the following groups of mountains:

In the core area: Hochkalter in the West
Watzmann floor in the East

Reiter Alm ( Reiter stone mountains )
Lattengebirge
Unterberg
Göllstock with Roßfeld
Hagengebirge including Gotzenberge
High King Stock
Stone sea and Röth

With the massif of watzmann massif as its central highest point is embedded in this ring the Berchtesgaden area. To the west separates the Wimbachtal the watzmann from hochkalter. The steep Watzmann east wall ends in Koenigssee, on the north-east and southeast of the Göllstock follow the Hagen Mountains. The Berchtesgaden main valley in the north separated by its side valleys, the Reiter Alm, Lattengebirge ( Schwarzbach ) and the Unterberg ( Hallthurm ) from each other. Goll and Hagen mountain ranges are separated by the Bluntautal, a tributary of the Salzach Golling. In the south of Watzmanns the Stony Sea follows, that is with an area of approximately 100 km ², the largest mountain massif of the Berchtesgaden Alps. The High King floor, the east adjoins the Stony Sea, is the only mountain in the Berchtesgaden Alps, which is also part of Berchtesgaden simultaneously. It is separated from Hagen mountains to the north by the Blühnbachtal at Tennek.

Mountain Peak

The main peaks of the Berchtesgaden Alps ( groups by height order):

High King Stock: High King ( 2941 m ), high Seiler ( 2793 m), Torsäule ( 2587 m), Mandlwand
Watzmann floor: watzmann - Central ( 2713 m) and southern ( 2712 m ), less watzmann ( watzmann woman) ( 2307 m), watzmann children (up to 2270 m)
Stone sea: Selbhorn ( 2,655 m ), Schönfeldspitze ( 2653 m), fire Horn ( 2609 m), Large dogbane ( 2594 m), Funtenseetauern ( 2579 m), Wildalmkirchl ( 2578 m), Schareck ( 2570 m), the Breithorn ( 2504 m ), Persailhorn ( 2347 m)
Hochkalter Mountains: hochkalter ( 2607 m), Hocheisspitze ( 2521 m), Seehorn ( 2321 m)
Göllstock: Hoher Goll ( 2522 m), High Brett (2340 m), Jenner (1874 m)
Hagengebirge: Large Devil Horn ( 2363 m), Bald Mountain (2350 m), Schneibstein ( 2276 m)
Reiter Alm: Stadelhorn ( 2286 m), Large Häuselhorn ( 2284 m), Wagendrischelhorn ( 2251 m), Large Mühlsturzhorn ( 2235 m), Large basic evil Horn ( 2098 m), Schottmalhorn ( 2045 m)
Unterberg: Berchtesgaden Hochthron (1973 m), Salzburg Hochthron (1853 m)
Lattengebirge: Karkopf (1738 m), Dreisesselberg (1680 m), pulpit (1618 m)

Geology

In the lower part of the Berchtesgaden Alps Dolomite predominates, which is here called Ramsau. The ballast masses of Wimbachtales consist primarily of this material. The slopes formed of dolomite are often characterized by the vegetation with pines - see eg at the base of the lower mountain and in the stony sea.

Often above the dolomite is a up to 1000 m thick layer of lime, which is here called Dachstein Limestone. The frequently encountered in banked Dachstein limestone shells ( called because of their crescent shape Kuhtritte ) and embedded in thin layers of dolomite algal mats suggest that the deposits have taken place in a tropical shallow sea. In a period of about 15 million years ago the local organisms produced lime, while the crust was lowered continuously.

Another type of Dachstein Limestone can be found, for example, the massif of the High Gölls: The rock consists of intercalated corals, calcareous sponges, and coralline algae, which points to an existing coral reef with strong surf.

1989 3 stratigraphically independent iridium anomalies by Günther et al Graup in the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary of the Berchtesgaden Alps. presented. There were no findings could be detected, indicating a impact, as it is often discussed. Rather, the precise geochemical data suggest a volcanic origin back ( including a positive correlation with selenium ), which comes at a time of sea level and climate fluctuations. Three independent iridium anomalies have been described in the meantime, also from India, associated with the Deccan volcanism.

Glaciation

During the Ice Age giant Firnmassen who flocked as glaciers up in the foothills of the Alps were formed. The Valley of the King Lake was doing gouged more than 200 m below the normal bottom - hence the considerable depth of the lake today. Due to the erosion of glaciers, today's U-shape of the valleys formed. The debris formation after the retreat of the glacier ensures ( even today ) for the separation of the upper part from the lower part of the Royal Lake.

The Übergossene Alm am High King, the blue ice below the hochkalter Summit and watzmann glaciers form the now meager remains of the once extensive glaciation of the Berchtesgaden Alps. Übergossene Alm and Blaueis show clear signs of disintegration due to the general warming. A special feature is the ice chapel called avalanche debris at the foot of Watzmann east wall whose lower end is located at 930 m above sea level and which is likely to act thus to the lowest year-round existing snowfield in the Alps.

Mining

In the salt- bearing rock in the area of Berchtesgaden - Bad Reichenhall is a Haselgebirge. The typical salinity is around 50%, but can range between 0 and 90% fluctuate. The salt mine Duerrenberg bei Hallein since the early history of mining area, and placed next to the salt mine in Hallstatt the center of präkeltisch -Celtic Hallstatt culture dar. Find in this section with the most important Celtic Fund places in Austria, whose findings are presented in the Celtic Museum in Hallein. The Salt Mine formed with the base of the economic independence of the archbishopric of Salzburg to the Napoleonic era. In mine of Berchtesgaden it is degraded wet, which means that it is solved by means of water from the surrounding rock. The resulting brine is transported by means of brine lines to Bad Reichenhall, where it is processed in the local saltworks to salt.

In previous years, silver, manganese, copper and iron ore was mined in the Berchtesgaden Alps. Until the 1970s, copper mining was Mitterberg in Mühlbach operated smelting was in Mitterberghütten.

Conservation

The core area of the Berchtesgaden Alps is occupied by the Berchtesgaden National Park, which has existed since 1978.

The Salzburgische is part of the nature reserve Kalkhochalpen (NSG 00012 ) covered, which was installed in 1983. The protection zone shall consist 23646.645 ha As Goll, Hagen, High King Mountain, Steinernes sea are 3673.85 ha as Protected Landscape Area ( LSG 00030 ) were reported.

There are also considerations, both as part of the Euregio Salzburg - Traunstein merge and operate as a common national park area - Berchtesgaden.

Cultivated and some huts

Alpeltalhütte (1100 m) in Hinterbrand
Bertgenhütte (1845 m) at the Hochseiler
Blaueishütte (1680 m) at the hochkalter
Eckberthütte ( 1140 m ) in Blühnbachtal
Erich hut ( 1545 m) at the High King (mountain )
Franz- Eduard- Matras -Haus ( 2941 m) to the High King (mountain )
Gotzenalm (1685 m) in the Hagen mountains over the Koenigssee
Ingolstadt house (2120 m) in the Stony Sea
Kärlingerhaus (1635 m) at the Funtensee
Kührointhütte ( 1420 m ) at the Little watzmann
New Traunstein hut ( 1560 m ) on the Reiter Alm
Ostpreußenhütte (1630 m) at the High King (mountain )
Peter Wiechenthaler hut (1752 m) at stony sea
Purtschellerhaus (1700 m) on Hoher Goll
Riemannhaus ( 2177 m) in the Stony Sea
Schneibsteinhaus (1670 m) at the Schneibstein
Steel house ( 1736 m) at the Torrenner yoke
Stöhr house (1895 m) at Berchtesgaden Hochthron
Toni -Lenz - hut (1480 m) at the Salzburg Hochthron
Wasseralm ( 1420 m ) in the Röth
Watzmannhaus (1930 m) on the Falzköpfl
Wimbachgrieshütte (1330 m) in the Wimbachtal
Zeppezauerhaus (1665 m) at the Geiereck

Bivouacs

Unterstandshüttchen ( 2648 m) at the Watzmann Hocheck
Wildalmkirchl - bivouac ( 2457 m) below the northeast Wildalmkirchls in Stony Sea

Remote / distance trails

The Via Alpina, a cross-border long-distance trail with five sub- paths through the whole Alps, also passes through the Berchtesgaden Alps. The Purple Trail Via Alpina runs with 9 stages by the Berchtesgaden Alps as follows:

Stage A36 runs from throwing in the Salzach Valley to Arthur House
Stage A37 runs from the house to Arthur Erichhütte
Stage A38 runs from the Erichhütte to Maria Alm
Stage A39 runs from Maria Alm to Riemannhaus
Stage A40 runs from the Riemann House for Kärlingerhaus
Stage A41 runs from Kärlingerhaus after Koenigssee (with a boat ride across the Koenigssee )
Stage A42 runs from Koenigssee after Engedey near Berchtesgaden
Stage A43 runs from Engedey to the New Traunstein hut
Stage A44 runs from the New Traunstein Hut to toads in Saalachtal

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