Hooker Island
Template: Infobox Island / Maintenance / image missing
The Hooker Island (Russian остров Гукера, Ostrow Gukera ) is an uninhabited island of belonging to Russia Arctic Franz Josef Land.
Geography
The Hooker Island is just under 460 km ² area is the tenth largest island of the archipelago. It is located southeast of the British channel and separated by those of Prince George's country. Southwest, behind the De - Bruyne Sound, is the Northbrook Island. Hooker Island are upstream several smaller islands. The largest are the Leigh -Smith Island to the east, the Royal - Society - island in the Northeast and the Scott Keltie Island in the Northwest.
The island is covered by an ice cap, which at its highest point, the Jackson dome (Russian Купол Джексона, cupola Dscheksona ) reaches 576 m. Larger ice-free areas, there are mainly in the west of the Cape Dundee. In addition, project a few striking cape from the ice sheet, especially Markham Cape and Cape Poole in the north and Cape Breitfuß in the southeast. The Buchta Tichaja ( Бухта Тихая, German Silent bay ), a natural harbor in the northwest of the island, south bounded by Rubini Rock, the most important bird rocks of the Franz Josef Land. Breed here especially thick-billed murres and kittiwakes, but also auks, guillemots, fulmars, glaucous gulls, eider ducks, skuas and ivory gulls.
On Hooker Island fossils have been found from the Upper Jurassic as the plesiosaur Peloneustes philarchus.
History
Hooker island was first sighted in 1874 by Julius Payer during the Austria -Hungarian North Pole Expedition of the McClintock - island. Your south coast in 1880 and 1881/82 reached by Benjamin Leigh Smith, who named the island after the English botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker. From the Jackson - Harmsworth Expedition 1894-1897 it was first mapped in detail. 1913/14, wintered the Russian expedition led by Georgi Sedov in the Buchta Tichaja, the Sedov gave its present name because it did not come to the dreaded ice pressure. After the annexation of the archipelago, the Soviet Union opened here on August 29, 1929, the polar station " Buchta Tichaja " (Russian полярная станция " Бухта Тихая " ), the first research station on Franz Josef Land. She had at times a manning of up to 50 people. On July 27, 1931, came in the Buchta Tichaja to the overlapping of Hugo Eckeners airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin and the Soviet icebreaker Malygin. In the same year a magnetic observatory was built in preparation for the Second International Polar Year 1932/33, whose first director was Ivan Papanin. Since the closure of the polar station in 1959, the island is no longer permanently inhabited.