Hrádek nad Nisou
Hradek nad Nisou ( German Grottau ) is a city in Liberecky kraj (Czech Republic).
History
The area along the river the Lusatian Neisse been inhabited since the early Stone Age through people. 968, the area was connected to Grottau by a contract of the Diocese of Meissen on Bohemia. Through the area was for centuries a trade route from Rome over Silesia to the Baltic Sea.
Hradek nad Nisou is one of the oldest settlements on the Lusatian Neisse River, in this time was a Slavic castle wall of Milzener and served under the West Slavic names Grod ( = castle wall ) in armed conflicts as Fliehburg. In the vernacular, the town was named Grote and leads since 1920, today's Czech place names.
In the 13th century in the reign of training Grafstein was a manor house in place of the Sorbian Fliehburg. Presumably, given the planned layout of market settlement Grod in 1260 by Ottokar II the town charter. At the same time settled in the area francs. The inhabitants lived first as colonists from agriculture, crafts and trade. On the loamy and clayey subsoil crops and garden vegetables were grown. The extensive, surrounding forest areas consisted mostly of coniferous forests with a low proportion of deciduous trees. 1268 a church was built and the expansion of the city from natural stone around strengthened the fabric of the houses. At that time Grottau had more meaning than Reichenberg. In 1424 Grod was destroyed by the Hussites, but soon after rebuilt and enlarged to the west.
In the 16th century, there was an economic boom. The Germans were the strongest and richest population group, the Czech population lived under poor conditions almost exclusively in villages. In addition to the Germans and Czechs lived in Grod and the environment also Sorbs. Until the mid-19th century was a Grottau erbuntertäniges town of manorial Grafstein.
In the 19th century a number of mechanical and chemical factories built, which Grottau 1850 formed a township in the judicial district or county Kratzau Reichenberg. The Czech language was introduced after the formation of Czechoslovakia in 1920 as the official language of the government offices and supplanted the German. From 1938 to 1945 Grottau belonged to the Reich District of Sudetenland in the German Reich.
After the end of World War II in May 1945, most of the German population was expelled by Grottau. 1982 burned the town hall with a variety of historical documents. In the home office Reichenberg in Augsburg, built by displaced persons, located since 1945 archives on the history of the city Grottau. In 1991, a border crossing for pedestrians and cyclists in the neighboring German Hartau was opened in Zittau.
Boroughs
The city Hradek nad Nisou consists of the districts Dolni Saddleback ( Spittelgrund ), Dolni Sucha (low Berzdorf ) Donín ( Doenis ), Horni Saddleback (passport), Hradek nad Nisou ( Grottau ) Loučná ( Görsdorf ) Oldřichov na Hranicích ( Bohemian Ullersdorf ) Uhelná ( Carbonaceous ) and Václavice ( Wetzwalde ). Basic settlement units are Dolni Saddleback, Dolni Sucha, Donín, Horni Saddleback, Horni Sucha (Upper Berzdorf ), Hradek nad Nisou - střed, Mansfeldova rokle, Nad Tratí, Nová Loučná ( Neugörsdorf ) Oldřichov na Hranicích, Ovčí Kopec, Pod Dolním Sedlem, Pod Tratí, Stara Loučná ( Altgörsdorf ), U celnice, U hranic, U Kristýny, U Nisy, Uhelná, Václavice - dolní část ( Niederwetzwalde ) Václavice - horní část ( Oberwetzwalde ), Za Střelnicí (Hahn Berg), Zlata 's Height ( Gold level ) and Žitavská.
The municipality is divided into the Katastralbezirke Dolni Saddleback, Dolni Sucha Chotyně u, u Donín Hrádku nad Nisou, Hradek nad Nisou, Loučná, Oldřichov na Hranicích and Václavice u Hrádku nad Nisou.
Attractions
- Catholic Church of St. Bartholomew (built 1268, rebuilt after destruction by the Hussites in 1466, restored in the Renaissance style 1568)
- Dom Pokoje ( built in 1900 by Lutherans )
- Grabštejn, seat of government Grafstein
- Recreational and sports complex Kristyna on the same lake
- Popova skala, Aussichtsfelsen
- Oberwegsteine and Raven Stones
Sons and daughters of the town
- Edward Winter ( * 1896), historian