Hygrophorus agathosmus

Fragrant Schneck Ling ( Hygrophorus agathosmus )

Description

The hat has a diameter of 4 to 8 centimeters and is initially almost hemispherical, then convex to more flattened and finally slightly depressed with a flat Bluckel in the middle. The edge is rolled for a long time. The color is dull pale to dunkelaschgrau and in rare cases, almost white. The hat surface feels when she is moist, sticky. It is smooth, the edge often can support a layer of small, fine hairs. The center is often fine scales.

The lamellae are grown just on a stick, but at maturity, they can also easily run down, that is, the lamellae grow down a short piece on a stick. The rather narrow to walk lamella are first white, but later grayish. They are interspersed with shorter fins ( fin tablets ) and sometimes forked. The lamellas are relatively narrow and thin and have a smooth edge.

The stem is four to eight inches long and about 1 to 1.5 inches thick. He is at first whitish, somewhat pointed pale gray and cylindrical or towards the base in old age. The stem is solid, dry or wet, towards the tip, he is busy with kleiigen flakes. At the age the stem surface is often smooth, but has no layer of mucus that is so typical of many Hygrophorus and a gelatinous velum is due universal.

The meat is soft and whitish or gray watery and tastes mild. The Schneck Ling has a distinct odor of bitter almonds or cherry pits (sometimes the smell is weak ).

Microscopic characteristics

When considered as a sporeprint in masses, the spores appear white. Observed with an optical microscope, measure the basidiospores 8 to 10.5 times 4.5 to 5.5 microns, they are ellipsoid, smooth and yellowish in Melzer's reagent. The spore- bearing cells, the basidia, are viersporig and measure 48 to 65 microns in length and 6 to 8 microns in thickness. Pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia ( Zystiden on the fins or surfaces on the cutting blades ) are not present in this species. The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) consists of a broad ( 175-350 microns) gelatinous area, consisting of loosely interwoven, slender ( 1.5 to 4 microns) hyphae; the superficial hyphae are of dark brownish- gray color. This is a so-called Hyphenanordnung Ixocutis, in the swell and gelatinize the hyphal walls and shine through the layer, which stands out against the underlying flesh. The gelled hyphae is tough and can be pulled from the hat as a movie. Although there are buckles on the Hyphengewebe compounds that make up the meat of the lamellae can be found in Cap flesh or in the hat skin no.

Edibility and antimicrobiotic activity

The Fragrant Schneck Ling is edible, although it is regarded as meaningless. After an investigation of the antioxidant potential of the fungus contains at least five organic acids: oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid and China. After a standard laboratory test to determine the antimicrobial activity of the Fragrant Schneck Ling showed an inhibition of the growth of various pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis; it also inhibits the growth of the yeast Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Artabgrenzung

The Black Dotted Schneck Ling ( Hygrophorus pustulatus ) is similar to the Fragrant Schneck Ling and has a similar almond odor. However, the fruiting bodies of the Black Dotted Schneck Lings he produces smaller and larger spores (11 to 14 microns long). Hygrophorus occidentalis, grows under conifers or oaks, has a sticky stalk and a less pronounced odor. The March Schneck Ling ( Hygrophorus marzuolus ) is also similar, but lacks a distinct smell and it has smaller spores than the Fragrant Schneck Ling.

Habitat and distribution

The Fragrant Schneck Ling is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that lives mainly with spruce trees in symbiosis. He was isolated, grown and maintained in pure culture as vegetatively propagated inoculum for artificial Mykorrhizieren of the seed of forest tree nurseries. Fruiting bodies are found in the United States distributed among spruce, pine and mixed forests. The fungus is widespread in Europe ( Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Turkey and the United Kingdom ), as well as in Africa and India.

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was originally named in 1815 by the Swedish mycologist agathosmus Elias Magnus Fries as Agaricus; he moved in 1838 to the genus Hygrophorus. In the meantime, named in 1836, the English naturalist Miles Joseph Berkeley Art Agaricus cerasinus, where he also moved this 1860 in the genus Hygrophorus. 1948 Richard Dennis examined the type descriptions and concluded that the two names referred to the same way. Other historic Synonyms include Limacium pustulatum var agathosmum (Kummer, 1871) and Limacium agathosmum ( custom, 1877).

In their 1963 published monograph on the Hygrophorus species of North America, American mycologist Lexemuel Ray Hesler and Alexander H. Smith classified the Fragrant Schneck Ling in the subdivision Camarophylli, a group of related species, which are characterized by a dry stalk and the lack of a gelatinous outer velum.

The Style epithet " agathosmus " derives from the Greek word " agathos " from which " good" means, and " osme " for " smell " ( " agathosmus " = " fragrant ").