Hymenocallis

Hymenocallis caribaea

The plant genus Spider Lily ( Hymenocallis ), also called Beautiful lilies, belongs to the family of the Amaryllis family ( Amaryllidaceae ). The natural home of about 50 species lies only in the Neotropics.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Hymenocallis species grow as perennial herbaceous plants. They live as evergreen plants or geophytes and form bulbs from as outlasting. The egg-shaped or spherical bulbs have a tunic (onion skin). There shall be 2 to 16 leaves directly above the onion, which are rarely stalked. The leaf blades are narrow to broad tongue- shaped or inverted - lanceolate, rarely ovate to elliptic.

Inflorescences and flowers

It is formed a more or less long nature exfoliated inflorescence stem. Two to three triangular, ovate or lanceolate bracts surround the flowers knopigen protective and hang down in the up state flower. The umbel- shaped inflorescence contains one to 16 mostly sessile, erect or slightly divergent petals over each one often narrow lance-shaped cover.

The large, star-shaped, fragrant flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six equal multiform bracts are fused at their base to a more or less long tube. There are six fertile stamens present. At Hymenocallis species particularly striking is the standing on the perianth funnel-shaped or wheel-shaped corona, which is formed from the conjoined areas of stamens. The edges of the corona are often perforated or torn. The often long, filiform, free area of the stamens bent back or ascending. The pollen is yellow, often gold or orange. Three carpels are fused into a spherical, ovoid, oblong or pear-shaped, under constant, dreikammerigen ovary. Each ovary chamber containing two to ten ovules. The thin style ends in a capitate stigma.

Fruit and seeds

The large, green, almost spherical to oblong capsule fruits are trilocular and leathery. The large seeds are green and fleshy.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number is x = 20, 23

Dissemination

The neotropical butterfly from the southeastern and south central United States (15 species), through the Caribbean Islands and Central America to South America.

System

The first description of the genus Hymenocallis was made in 1812 by Richard Anthony Salisbury in Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 1, pp. 338 was as lectotype Hymenocallis littoralis 1913 ( Jacq. ) Salisb. determined. The genus name is derived Hymenocallis from the Greek words hymen for skin and kallos for off nicely, this refers to the flowers. The genus Hymenocallis belongs to the tribe Hymenocallideae in the subfamily Amaryllidoideae within the family Amaryllidaceae. Some species that were formerly classified in the Hymenocallis include, in the closely related genera Ismene Salisb. ex Herb. and Leptochiton Sealy. Some species of the genus L. pancratium now belong to Hymenocallis.

The genus Hymenocallis are about 50 species:

• Hymenocallis acutifolia ( Herb. ex Sims ) Sweet
• Hymenocallis araniflora T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis arenicola Northr.
• Hymenocallis astrostephana T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis azteciana Traub
• Hymenocallis baumlii Ravenna
• Hymenocallis Bolivariana Traub
• West Indian Spider Lily ( Hymenocallis caribaea (L.) Herb. ), Origin: West Indies
• Hymenocallis choctawensis Traub
• Hymenocallis choretis Hemsl.
• Hymenocallis cleo Ravenna
• Hymenocallis clivorum Laferr.
• Hymenocallis concinna Baker
• Hymenocallis cordifolia Micheli
• Hymenocallis coronaria ( Leconte ) Kunth
• Hymenocallis crassifolia Herb.
• Hymenocallis durangoensis T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis duvalensis Traub ex Laferr.
• Hymenocallis eucharidifolia Baker
• Hymenocallis fragrans ( Salisb. ) Salisb.
• Hymenocallis franklinensis Ger.L.Sm.
• Hymenocallis glauca ( Zucc. ) M.Roem.
• Hymenocallis godfreyi G.L.Sm. & Darst
• Hymenocallis graminifolia Greenm.
• Hymenocallis guatemalensis Traub
• Hymenocallis guerreroensis T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis harrisiana Herb, home. Mexico
• Hymenocallis henryae Traub
• Hymenocallis howardii Bauml
• Hymenocallis imperialis T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis incaica Ravenna
• Hymenocallis jaliscensis M.E.Jones
• Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) M.Roem.
• Hymenocallis leavenworthii ( Standl. & Steyerm. ) Bauml
• Hymenocallis lehmilleri T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis limaensis Traub
• Hymenocallis littoralis ( Jacq. ) Salisb.
• Hymenocallis lobata Klotzsch
• Hymenocallis longibracteata Hochr.
• Hymenocallis maximiliani T.M.Howard
• Hymenocallis multiflora Vargas
• Hymenocallis occidentalis ( Leconte ) Kunth
• Hymenocallis ornata ( C.D.Bouché ) M.Roem.
• Hymenocallis ovata (Mill.) M.Roem.
• Hymenocallis palmeri S.Watson
• Hymenocallis partita Ravenna
• Hymenocallis phalangidis Bauml
• Hymenocallis pimana Laferr.
• Hymenocallis portamonetensis Ravenna
• Hymenocallis praticola Britton & P.Wilson
• Hymenocallis proterantha Bauml
• Hymenocallis pumila Bauml
• Hymenocallis puntagordensis Traub
• Hymenocallis pygmaea Traub
• Hymenocallis rotata ( Ker Gawl. ) Herb, home. Florida
• Hymenocallis schizostephana Worsley
• Hymenocallis sonorensis Standlschmaus.
• Superb Spider Lily ( Hymenocallis speciosa ( L. f ex Salisb ) Salisb. . ), Origin: West Indies
• Hymenocallis tridentata Small
• . Hymenocallis tubiflora Salisb, Origin: tropical South America
• Hymenocallis venezuelensis Traub
• Hymenocallis woelfleana T.M.Howard

At genus Ismene include recently:

• Ismene Amancaes ( Ruiz & Pav ) Herb. ( Syn. Hymenocallis Amancaes ( Ruiz & Pav ) G. Nicholson ), Origin: Peru
• Ismene longipetala ( Lindl. ) Meerow ( syn. Hymenocallis longipetala ( Lindl. ) JF Macbr. ), Origin: Peru
• Ismene narcissiflora ( Jacq. ) Roem M.. ( Syn. Hymenocallis narcissiflora ( Jacq. ) JF Macbr. ), Origin: Peru, Bolivia

Use

Some species and their varieties serve as ornamental plants.

Swell

• Gerald L. Smith & Walter S. Flory †: Hymenocallis in the Flora of China, Volume 26, 2002, p 283: Online.
• Walter Erhardt et al: The big walleye. Encyclopedia of plant names. Volume 2 Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7