Hypericaceae

Spotted St. John's wort (Hypericum maculatum )

The St. John's wort plants or hard hay ( Hypericaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ).

• 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Among the St. John's wort plants exist trees, shrubs, perennial or annual herbaceous plants and rarely lianas. The plants are not reinforced, glabrous or covered with simple, star - or tree-shaped trichomes that secrete different types of secretions by schi covered ( resulting from cleavage) channels and chambers. The leaves are opposite, decussate, or rarely alternate in the upper parts of the plant. They are simple, entire or drüsenrandig and are sessile or on petioles. They often have translucent glandular dots or lines, or black or red glandular dots. Stipules are not formed, a standing rib between the leaves is often trained.

Inflorescences and flowers

The inflorescences are terminal, occasionally additionally axillary, rarely exclusively axillary or stammblütig. You are ZyMOS to Thyrsusartig or racemose and contain one to many flowers. High and bracteoles are at least initially present, they are often reduced to one paragraph.

The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are wheel - to cup-shaped or pseudo- tubular. Are formed either five sepals, which have a dachige buds cover or four sepals at cruising buds coverage. They are free or are fused; are entire or provided with different shared border. They are often glandular, the glands are similar to those of leaves and are usually arranged in linear rather than point-like groups. The calyx remains almost always insist on the fruit. The crown consists of five ( rarely four) petals that are free and do not overlap, and alternating with the sepals. They are entire or provided with different shared border. Also, they are often studded with glands that resemble those of the leaves. At the base sometimes a nectar -producing attachment is formed, which is glabrous or pubescent villous at the base, persistent or deciduous. The stamens are five (sometimes four) stamen bundles before the petals. Each bundle is or has been in various forms with the other grown and consists of one to many stamens. The stamens of the individual stamens are also grown differently with each other or appear to be free. The detached part of the stamen is slim. The anthers are small, fixed dorsally, a gland is usually at the conclusion of the Konnektivgewebes. The two theca are parallel, open longitudinally. There may be three or five bundles exist from sterile stamens when they are present, they are alternately with the sterile stamen bundles. A single ovary is upper constant is three-to five-lobed or einlappig with two to five part - placentas in each placenta are one to many ovules ( in opposite directions ) are arranged horizontally or ascending anatrop. The three to five (rarely two) stylus can be formed gleichgriffelig or with two different stylus shapes. They are free-standing or deformed, elongated and slender, the scars are point-like or wide capitula -shaped, rarely two split.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits are either scheidewandspaltig or fachspaltig dehiscent capsules or berries, rare stone fruits with five cores. The seeds are individually up to many of the placentas, the seed coat is often pitted or dotted glandular, sometimes winged or keeled. You have no endosperm, the embryo is cylindrical, straight or curved, the cotyledons are longer to shorter than the hypocotyl, they are straight or rarely curled.

System

The Hypericaceae family was first published in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum, p 254. A synonym for Hypericaceae Juss. is Ascyraceae Plenck. The temporary inclusion of the genera of this family into the family of Clusiaceae is among others Wurdack et al. 2009 APG III not confirmed.

To the family of St. John's wort plants ( Hypericaceae ) include nine to ten genera with about 560 species:

• Cratoxylum flower
• Eliea Cambess. ( orth var: Eliaea Cambess. )
• Harungana Lam. With about 50 species.
• Locust herbs or Hartheu (Hypericum L.)
• Lianthus N.Robson (sometimes in Hypericum )
• Psorospermum Spach
• Santomasia N.Robson
• Thornea Breedlove & E.M.McClint.
• Vismia Vand. With about 55 species.

Swell

• The family at the APWebsite. (Section Description and systematics)
• Kenneth J. Wurdack & Charles C. Davis: Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life, in American Journal of Botany, 96 (8 ), 2009, pp. 1551-1570.