Informalism

Informal or informal art (French art informal ) is a collective term for the style of the abstract (in the sense of non-geometric, nonobjective ) Art in the European post-war years, which has its origins in Paris in the 1940s and 1950s.

Term

The term Informal says " no unified style, but characterizes an artistic attitude, which also rejects the classical form and composition principle as the geometric abstraction." Constitutively, the " principle of informality " in the " field of tension between form and resolution Formwerdung ". This term covers various abstract tendencies of the post-war European art together. After Rolf Wedewer he encloses " two differente ways of expression - the gestural and the text Urologien ".

It was named after the art critic Michel Tapié who has informal art for an exhibition in Paris in the Studio Facchetti in November 1951 with the title Signifiante de l' informal coined the name. Notably, in the early period was also the name Tachism usual, a term coined by the art critic Pierre Guéguen term. Another synonymous term Lyrical Abstraction.

Development and characteristics

Formation

The Informal formed in Paris as a counterpoint to geometric abstraction, which was also represented by the École de Paris. As a direct forerunner of the Informal then Paris-based artists wolf, Jean Fautrier and Hans Hartung, who in turn was influenced by Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee apply. In addition, be called as a major stimulator of the German Informal Willi Baumeister, Ernst Wilhelm Nay, Theodor Werner and Fritz Winter. Not only Stimulator, but one of the early representatives was Buchheister. As more indirect Ahn and pulse Claude Monet is considered, with its water lilies paintings.

Characteristics

Informal is used as a collective term for those art forms which " the non- geometric tradition of abstract painting " is based. Its features include the informality and spontaneity in artistic production. Color and other visual materials are used autonomously. The work process is not subject to rigid rules, it also follows that, as in Surrealism, processes of the unconscious.

" Informal is within the 20th century, the Phase II of the picturesque abstraction. Informal has enforced the will of Kandinsky, however, is not his imitator become. Informal was his metamorphosis. "

Currents and parallels

Tachism and Informal are often equated and are considered European " counterpart " to the US- American abstract expressionism, which separated in the 1940s from European art style developed and with the style variations of Action Painting and Color Field Painting ( Colour Field Painting) emerged; the style of Hard Edge is sometimes also included as well.

Informal in Germany

From 1952, the Informal established itself in Germany. One of the first exhibitions that showed various informal German artist, was the 1952 which takes place in Frankfurt's Gallery exhibition " Quadriga ". Work of Karl Otto Götz, Bernard Schultze, Otto Greis and Heinz Kreutz showed the various informal approaches, ranging from a spontaneous act of painting to completely thought out compositions. There were other informal art - exhibitions such as the group ZEN 49

Quadriga and the group formed in Dusseldorf 53 were to Hoehme, Winfred Gaul and Peter Brüning and the Düsseldorf Gallery 22 of Francophile, who had returned from exile, Jean -Pierre Wilhelm to germ cells of the German Informal.

On the documenta II in Kassel in 1959, the post-1945 art themed, attended all internationally well-known representative of the Informal Art and Abstract Expressionism.

Artist of the ( German ) Informal from international, cultural and historical importance are Peter Brüning, Buchheister, Karl Fred Dahmen, Karl Otto Götz, Hans Hartung, Hoehme, Winfred Gaul, Bernard Schultze, Emil Schumacher, KRH Sonderborg, Fred Thieler, Hann Trier and Wilhelm Wessel.

Artist groups of the Informal

• Quadriga, Frankfurt am Main
• ZEN 49, Munich
• Group 53, Dusseldorf

First German Museum Exhibitions

Representative retrospectives

German galleries of the Informal

• Gallery Franck, Frankfurt am Main
• Galerie Der Spiegel, Cologne
• Gallery 22, Dusseldorf
• Schmela Gallery, Dusseldorf
• Gallery Maulberger, Munich
• Gallery Schlichtenmaier, Stuttgart
• Emergency responders Gallery, Berlin
• Gallery Hennemann, King Winter

Brut artist of the Informal and the type

• Karel Appel (1921-2006)
• Armando (* 1929)
• George W. Borsche (1922-1999)
• Peter Brüning (1929-1970)
• Carl book Heister (1890-1964)
• Karl Fred Dahmen (1917-1981)
• Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985)
• Fathwinter (1906-1974) ( Artist name, Franz Alfred Theophil winter)
• Jean Fautrier (1898-1964)
• Gerson Fehrenbach (1932-2004)
• Prince Albert (1920-2014)
• Winfred Gaul (1928-2003)
• Karl Otto Götz ( * 1914)
• Otto Greis (1913-2001)
• Fritz Harnest (1905-1999)
• Hans Hartung (1904-1989)
• Hoehme (1920-1989)
• Alexandre Istrati (1915-1991)
• Hans Kaiser (1914-1982)
• Heinz Kreutz (* 1923)
• Karl -Heinz Lingner (1925-1998)
• Jupp Lückeroth (1919-1993)
• Fritz Martin (1909-1995)
• Georges Mathieu (1921-2012)
• Merwart Ludwig (1913-1979)
• Henri Michaux (1899-1984)
• Georges Noël (1924-2010)
• Hanns pastor (1917-2009)
• Pauletto Alfred (1927-1985)
• Hans Platschek (1923-2000)
• Markus Prachensky (1932-2011)
• Jean -Paul Riopelle (1923-2002)
• Antonio Saura (1930-1998)
• Friedrich Julius Scherff (1920-2012)
• Hans -Jürgen Schlieker (1924-2004)
• January Schoonhoven (1914-1994)
• Bernard Schultze (1915-2005)
• Emil Schumacher (1912-1999)
• K. R. H. Sonderborg (1923-2008)
• Pierre Soulages ( b. 1919 )
• Nicolas de Staël (1914-1955)
• Antoni Tàpies (1923-2012)
• Fred Thieler (1916-1999)
• Hann Trier (1915-1999)
• Emilio Vedova (1919-2006)
• Hans D. Voss (1926-1980)
• Friederich Werthmann ( * 1927)
• Wilhelm Wessel (1904-1971)
• Wolf (1913-1951)
• Zao Wou -Ki (1920-2013)