Ivan Yefremov

Ivan Antonovich Yefremov (Russian: Иван Антонович Ефремов; * 9 Apriljul / April 22 1908greg in Wyriza, .. † October 5, 1972 in Moscow ) was a Russian- Soviet paleontologist and science fiction author. He is the founder of taphonomy ( Fossilisationslehre ), a geoscience discipline that describes the processes in the formation of fossils.

In 1976, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh discovered asteroid ( 2269 ) Efremiana was named after him.

Life

Yefremov was born on 22 April 1908 in Wyriza. His parents settled in 1917, during the Russian Revolution divorce. His mother then married a Red Army officer and left the children in Kherson, where they were cared for by one of her aunts, but soon died of typhus. Yefremov, who had thus become homeless, then joined the age of twelve to a company of the Red Army and was so during the fighting against Baron Wrangel until after Perekop.

In 1921 he left the army and moved to Petrograd ( now St Petersburg), where they can complete the school. He then worked as a passenger, saw mill and auxiliary workers, visited the maritime school and drove a few years as a sailor in the Far East by sea.

In 1924 he began to be interested in paleontology. Yefremov won a place at the State University of St. Petersburg, but won no conclusion. From the mid -1930s, Yefremov took part in several paleontological expeditions pursued into the Volga region, the Urals and Central Asia. He was then one of the leading members of the Paleontological Institute. In 1935, he was an external examination at the Leningrad Mining Institute. In 1941 he received his doctorate in biology.

In the 1940s, Yefremov developed the foundations of taphonomy. His book " taphonomy " was published in 1950, many assumptions described in it were later successfully occupied on an expedition to the Gobi Desert.

Efremov's first non- scientific paper was published in 1944. His biggest success was the novel Andromeda Nebula, which was published in 1957 as a shortened pre-print in the journal Technika Molodjoshi and 1958 appeared as a book. This Yefremov describes the communist future of all humanity, who attended the star and turning the earth into a paradise. Humanity is part of a "big ring " of various cosmic ( and also communist ) civilizations. Andromeda Nebula was one of the best-selling Soviet novels and was for many Soviet citizens to an ideal image of a future society. His next novel, published in 1970 The hour of the bull, however, was banned immediately after publication, at the instigation of the then KGB chief Yuri Andropov, not included in Efremov's Collected Works and could reappear only after perestroika.

Works

Science Fiction / Adventure

  • At the Lake of mountain spirits ( story ), 1944 (Eng. 1946/1952 )
  • Atoll Fakaofu ( story ), 1944 (Eng. 1956)
  • The Moonlight Rock ( story ), 1944 (Eng. 1953)
  • The diamonds Chimney ( story ), 1945 (Eng. 1953)
  • The shadow of the past ( story ), 1945 (Eng. 1946)
  • The land from the sea foam (novel ) 1949 (Eng. 1961)
  • The Observatory of only I- Desht ( story ), 1950 (Eng. 1951)
  • Death in the Desert ( short story ), 1950 (Eng. 1953 Exciting tells, Volume 2, also in 1961, Compass Library, Volume 40 )
  • The white horn ( story ); dt 1951
  • Hell Flame ( story ); dt 1954
  • The last topsail ( story ), dt 1956
  • Andromeda Nebula, also under the title translated The girl from outer space ( 1957-58 ) (Russian Туманность Андромеды ) ( 1957)
  • The heart of the snake (also encounter in space, narrative ), 1959 (Eng. 1960, The new adventures, Number 174 and 175 )
  • On the Razor's Edge (novel in four books ) 1963/64 (Eng. 1963 only excerpts under the title The chain link )
  • The girl from Space Scientific and fantastic novel VERLAG BERLIN CULTURE AND PROGRESS 1967
  • 17 Mystery ( popular science essays ), 1972 ( only as Editor)
  • The journey of Bawardjed ( historical narrative, history to the country from the surf ), dt 2004
  • The hour of the bull (novel ), 1970 (Eng. 2009)
  • Tais of Athens ( historical novel ), 1972

Scientific literature

Of the more than 100 scientific papers published Yefremov, so far have been translated into other languages, only a few. The following is a selection of works that have been previously translated into English or German.

  • Benthosaurus sushkini a new Labyrinthodont from the Permo - Triassic deposits of the Scharschenga River, North Dvina Government (1929 ) article
  • About the Labyrinthodonts the UdUSSR. II Permian Labyrinthodonts of the former province of Vyatka, 1933
  • Some new Permian reptiles of the USSR (1938 )
  • The fauna of the Permian reptiles mesenchymal (1940 )
  • Brief overview of the forms of the Permian and Triassic tetrapod fauna of the UdUSSR (1940 )
  • Taphonomy: a new branch of Paleontology (1940 )
  • Ulemosaurus svijagensis Riab. - A Deinocephale from the deposits of the Permian of the USSR (1940 )
  • The Gondwana system of India and the Vertebrate Life History in the Late Paleozoic (1957 )
  • Some consideration on biological bases of Paleontology (1958 )
Vyritsa Discipline (academia) Volga River Andromeda (novel) Tekhnika Molodezhi Communism The Bull's Hour The Heart of the Serpent Vyatka Governorate Dinocephalia Franz Rottensteiner Integrated Authority File
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