Jock Garden

John ( Jock ) Smith Garden ( born August 13, 1882 in Nigg, Kincardine, Scotland, † 31 December 1968 in New South Wales, Australia) was an Australian politician, union leader, co-founder of the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP ).

Early life

John Garden was the second son of Alexander Garden, and his wife Ann, née Smith, whose parents were fishermen in the north of Scotland. He went to school in Lossiemouth and was then trained as a sailmaker. His eldest brother was in the early 1890s to Australia and he and his parents followed him in 1904. 1906 Garden was employed by the Church of Christ in Harcourt and later in Melbourne, where he married Jeannie May Ritchie from Leith, Scotland. With her he had two sons and two daughters. In 1909 he joined the ALP and was a preacher of the Baptists in Maclean, New South Wales. In 1914 he went to Paddington, where he was President delegated the sailmaker union and the laboratory Council of New South Wales, where was a member until 1934.

Political life

After the October Revolution in Russia in 1917, he read Marx and Lenin, and enthusiastic about their ideas and became a member of the Socialist Party of Australia and the Industrial Socialist Labor Party. In November 1920 he founded with William Earsman the CPA. In 1921 he became involved in the All- Australian Trade Union Congress in Melbourne for a socialist policy change of ALP. In 1922, he was in Moscow and was elected to the Executive Committee of the Comintern. He was expelled from the ALP because of his membership in the CPA. Then he tried to convince the ALP to a trade union congress for left-wing politics and thus to compete in 1925 for election. Jack Lang advocated a moderate policy and later won the election.

In September 1926 Garden resigned from the CPA and tried again in the ALP enter. Meanwhile, the left-wing Australian Workers ' Union had taken the opinion leadership in the ALP. Lang worked with Garden and succeeded the influence of this union push back. Garden was readmitted to the ALP in January 1929 and in March 1931 he was involved in the disputes about the anti-crisis of the Great Depression in Australia between long and Prime Minister James Scullin on the side of Lang, who pursued a socially acceptable way out of the economic crisis.

On May 6, 1932, he was attacked by eight men of the Fascist Legion, a division of fascistic New Gard, who successfully repelled his two sons and dog.

Long and Garden had 1933 on the National Conference of the ALP, the majority behind him and united the ALP under the slogan socialization units. On May 12, was dismissed from the post of prime minister because he did not follow the final decisions of the Australian Federal Government to combat the crisis of Scullin Jack Lang by the British Governor, Sir Phillip Game. Scullin beat Australia for a the way that the financial expert Otto Ernst Niemeyer of the Bank of England had developed and led to social problems and the Australian economy crisis, compared to other states, prolonged.

In May 1934, the unions turned away by Lang and also of Garden and the next statewide election won the conservative United Australia Party by Joseph Lyons. Jack Lang, then founded the splinter party Australian Labor Party (Anti - Communist ) and candied, then John Garden member of this faction was elected to the Australian House of Representatives from 1935 to 1937. John Curtin united the ALP then again, however, succeeded Garden does not end successfully his choice candidates in 1937 and 1940.

Late life

In October he opened the Dengar Publications private sector and from 1942-1947 he worked with the Australian Labor Minister Edward Ward of the ALP.

Garden participated in betting on horses and started a timber trade in Guinea. In January 1948, he was accused and his son because of this relationship in the years 1944 to 1945 of forgery, indicted and sentenced to three years imprisonment. In December of 1948, however, he was dismissed. In March 1957, it was announced that Garden and his son started horoscopes for a fee and there were problems with that.