Johannes Valentinus Andreae

Johann Valentin Andreae ( born August 17, 1586 Mr. Berg, † June 27, 1654 in Stuttgart ) was a German theologian, writer and mathematician with great influence on the Württemberg Protestantism. He is regarded as one of the originators of the Rosicrucian legend. See church historian in him a harbinger of enlightenment and progenitor of pietism.

2.1 Christianopolis
2.2 Rosicrucian legend
2.3 pioneer of Kabbalistic teaching panel in Teinach
2.4 sermons, writings, songs

6.1 Latin
6.2 German 6.2.1 Critical Werkausgabe

Life

1586-1611

Andreae was the son of Lutheran pastor and superintendent of Herrenberg and later Abbot of Königsbronn John Andreae and his wife Maria Moser, daughter of Mr. Berger Vogt Valentin Moser. His grandfather Jakob Andreae was Chancellor of the University of Tübingen and the authors of the Formula of Concord. As Andreae's father died in 1601, his versed in the art of healing mother moved with the children to Tübingen to their relationship. She was appointed in 1607 to head of the ducal pharmacy in Stuttgart Through mediation and protection. This office she held until 1614.

Johann Valentin Andreae remained in Tübingen, where he studied 1602-1605 the liberal arts and has written two stage plays by English models, Esther and Hyacinthus, as well as his famous signature Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz. In 1603 he became Baccalaureus and 1605 Masters. From 1606 he devoted himself increasingly to the theology and mathematics. 1607, however, he had to because of a student prank to leave the university and was not admitted to the examination, moreover, returned from church service.

In Tübingen Andreae was a personal friend to the chiliastic lawyers and Theosophists Tobias Hess (1568-1614), to among others, the lawyer and lawyer at the Tübingen Hofgericht Besold Christoph (1577-1638), the Austrian nobleman Abraham Hölzel of Star Stone ( 1580 -1651 ), the retired superintendent John Vischer (* 1545 ), the lawyer William Bidembach of Treuenfels ( 1587/89-1655 ) aka " Guilelmus Amnicola ," the jurist John Stoffel ( † before 1665), the lawyer William of Wense (1586-1641), the lawyer Christoph Welling (1582-1661), the lawyer Thomas Lansius (1577-1657), the physician Samuel Hafenreffer (1587-1660), the physician Anton Frey ( 1584 - after 1622 ), the philosopher Tobias Adami (1581-1643), the theologian Johann Jakob HAINLIN, also: Heinlin (1588-1660) and Johann Valentin's brother, the theologian Johann Ludwig Andreae (1590-1610), later the Hebrew scholar, mathematician and astronomer Wilhelm Schickard ( 1592 - 1635) belonged. This group was the nucleus of the concepts to form a common operating company.

Andreae traveled restlessly through Germany and eventually taught in Lauingen and Tübingen young noblemen as a tutor, but also wrote theological works. Some of his pupils, he accompanied by an outbreak of plague in Tübingen on their grand tours through Switzerland, France, Austria and Italy.

In the early summer of 1611, he came to a stay in France as tutor to Eberhard von Gemmingen after Rappenau. He should prepare his eldest son Philip at its planned for the coming year studying in Tübingen. Together with Philip he returned in August 1611 back to Tübingen, where the two were taken at Matthias Hafenreffer. After the sudden death of both parents of Philip of Gemmingen in October 1611 this service relationship ended in April in 1612. Andreae was present at the funeral of his masters in Rappenau and wrote a his appreciation expression- eulogy, which appeared in 1619 also printed.

1611-1638

In Geneva, he met in 1611 know the coined by John Calvin Reformed Church, whose strict requirement for a hard-working and God-pleasing life fascinated him and the life he took as a model. He studied for a semester in Padua in 1612 and returned back to Tübingen. There he took on the study of theology at Tubingen again. After the final exam in 1614, he was appointed deacon in Vaihingen an der Enz and married in August 1614 Agnes Elizabeth Green Ingersoll (* 1592 in Schützingen, † 1659 in Calw ). The marriage produced nine children were born.

His part in the creation of the Rosicrucian idea, which had in the meantime made a sensation in Europe, he justified as a youthful indiscretion.

In Vaihingen Andreae wanted to impose a radical program for overcoming lack of discipline and poverty. Careful youth training and the introduction of church discipline should fight immorality, swearing, drunkenness, marital and neighborhood dispute and the desecration of Sunday. The Ten Commandments were legal basis, judges were the priest and the mayor along with some respectable citizens. As punishment, fines for the poor box and up to three days were imposed arrest, supported by the arms fines and funded relief work. But Andreae's plan failed because of the resistance of the population.

1620 Andreae was superintendent in Calw, where he had more success with the reformation of education and social work and care for the poor. Calw was at that time with about 3,500 inhabitants, half the size of Stuttgart and its thriving wool production one of the most economically important cities of ancient Württemberg, at the same time there was social distress. Andreae convinced the rich Calw trade Lord of the necessity of establishing " a Christian, God- loving society" to help the poor, the sick and the young. So, from a group of 13 men and 7,100 guilders Grundvermögen called Calw dyer Foundation, a social institution, which until 1923 had stock.

For the reconstruction of the city, which was burned down during the Thirty Years' War, after the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634 by the imperial army, he procured, among other things through his portrayal of misery in Threni Calvensis money and provided practical help, although he himself had lost all his possessions, including his house, his library and his collection of paintings. He founded the charity "Christian Gottlieb Society" to help the city. But when Calw was again devastated in 1638, Andreae fled with the population in the Black Forest. After the withdrawal of troops returning from the 4000 population of only 1,500 returned. Of these, half died during the plague that broke out now.

1638-1654

1638 the destitute Andreae was appointed court chaplain and the consistory in Stuttgart, where he entered for a fundamental reform of the Church. He received his doctorate in 1641 at the University of Tübingen as a doctor of theology. His writing Theophilus led Duke Eberhard III. 1642 in the Duchy of Württemberg introduce the church convent - a kind of moral judgment that condemned parishioners who were noticed by gambling, swearing, quarreling, or otherwise " gottesungefällige life ".

After the battles of the Thirty Years' War, almost a third of the clergy was only still alive, a training of theologians did not take place. Andreae presented the theological education in Tubingen restore and built the school system back on, in 1645 he issued the order for compulsory education in Württemberg became the first country in Europe. For the communities he decreed the establishment of parish councils.

1646 Andreae was taken at the instigation of his admirer Duke August of Braunschweig -Wolfenbüttel of Prince Ludwig I of Anhalt- Köthen in the Fruitbearing society. The prince gave him the company name The crumbly and the motto " Abide but fresh". Andreae's emblem was the moss. In the society of Köthen book can be found under No. 464 the rhyme Act, which Andreae thanked for recording:

" The green brittle Moß how mans place on trees Jm green shade forest, and always fresh verbleibet Does that make me ' shortcake hot: I wonder if my years are From the old crumbly already, by virtue of the spirit driveth me But in occupations fresh, and me Darzu binding The many will kindlein the men einverleibet: This is the best fruit to the erbauligkeit Is directed alone, and stays fresh iederzeit. "

Worn down by the resistance of the clergy and the nobility against his strict interpretation of Christianity and the social reforms he sought, requested Andreae in 1646 to his departure from the church leadership, which was granted to him in 1650. In the same year he took over the management of the convent school Bebenhausen as general superintendent and abbot of a monastery Bebenhausen. From 1654 he was to lead the Protestant monastery school of Adelberg, but he could no longer assume this position. On June 27, 1654 for some time Johann Valentin Andreae sickly died at the age of 68 years in Stuttgart. He was buried in the cemetery of the Hospital Church.

Work

Christianopolis

As Andreae's most important work is considered his 1619 published, Christian utopia Christianopolis, a key text of the utopian genre, which, along the lines of Thomas More's Utopia free following a Protestant ideal society designs: your constitutional principle is the fear of God, everyone has access to the observatory so that the faith scientifically is fertilized, in the church instructive spectacles are listed. Participation in worship is, of course, luxury and expensive clothes are immoral. A " practical Christianity " is carried out in Christian love and charity, science and technology subject to ethical goals and serve the welfare of the people.

Andreae's utopia is characterized primarily educational. He presented some of the basic rules for dealing with students on:

"Bring the youth not in a foreign language when what they should do.
Teaching the youth not what they do not believe and what they can not form a judgment.
Treat in teaching only what is to the age appropriate and is within its purview.
It should not be too much variety and diversity in the learning business, because that makes the spirits scattered and confused when they are fragmented by Various magnificent.
Not Sporadic, clustering, but sensible knowledge alone will help by providing more than it is certain that such an untimely emotional sharpness even leichtlich so it can be dull that she walks her whole life from the furrows. "
For teaching clarity is important. With the plea for pictorial thinking and the lesson Andreae has influenced his friend Johann Amos Comenius, who has become famous for his book Orbis pictus sensualium.

Rosicrucian legend

Andreae's part in the creation of the Rosicrucian legend is controversial. The research is a broad consensus that he is the creator of the myth of the Rosicrucians with the figure of Christian Rosenkreutz and his Order. The basic idea of the Order was that leading scientists together form a working society so that science, Christianity and ethics do not fall apart. Name and symbol of Christian Rosenkreutz ' based on the Andrea Eschen Family Crest, the figure itself combines traits of Martin Luther, Paracelsus and the natural sciences relevant philosophers of antiquity.

In the research is discussed that although Andreae contributed to the myth, but the announcement of the Reformation was not to be in his narrative Chemical Wedding understood as a program. In later years, Andreae distanced himself from his work and mocked the Alchemy open in treatises such as Fama fraternitatis and counted them in addition to music, art, theater and astrology to the less reputable science.

Pioneer of Kabbalistic teaching panel in Teinach

Especially through his 1615 published in Tübingen under the pseudonym Huldrich StarckMann font A Spiritually Gemäld, by dealing with the biblical summaries, with the Doctrine of Virtue, the encyclopedic structure and emblematic influenced Andreae the environment of Princess Antonia of Württemberg ( 1613-1679 ) and thus became the precursor for the Kabbalistic teaching panel, which was completed as a foundation of the princess in 1663 and erected in 1673 in the Holy Trinity Church in Teinach.

Sermons, writings, songs

In his ten years in Stuttgart Andreae was over 1,000 sermons, of which 205 are on the first letter of Paul to the Corinthians. His writings (more than one hundred are known ) presented a comprehensive reform program for Church and Society, among others, he campaigned for the introduction of modern foreign languages , natural sciences and physical exercises in schools. But the subject of the writings is the repeated action Andreae through the resistor, the will shown him by the ecclesiastical and secular rulers in his efforts to the realization of the Christian life and the enforcement of church discipline.

Andreae is the author of the hymn with joy I will sing in this morning hour, which is considered EC to find 663 in the Protestant hymnal ( regional section Württemberg).

Family

Children ( 1st-3rd born in Vaihingen, 4 -9 in Calw.. ):

Quote

Swell

Ioannis Andreae Valentini ... vita from ipso conscripta. Ex autographo, in bibl. Guelferbytano reconditio, adsumtis codd. Stuttgartianis, Schorndorfiensi, Tubingensi, nunc primum edidit, ed. by Friedrich Heinrich Rheinwald, Berlin: Hermann Schulz 1849
Christoph Zeller: Christian sermons Leich - Bey of Begräbnuß weilund concerning ... Johannis Andreae Valentini, The Holy Scriptures Doctoris, Princely Brunswick and Wurtemberg Raths, Abbts and General Superintendentens to Adelberg, Stuttgart: Johann Weyrich Rößlin 1654
Johan. Valentin Andreae TD And Agnes Elisabeth native of Grüningerin. Eheleut genealogies, Stuttgart: Johann Weyrich Rößlin 1644
Gottlieb Andreae (ed.): Bonus odor suave olens nominis Andreani ... Exhalatus In Tumbam John Valentini Andreae. From Illustrissimis, Cordatioribus, Amicis candidis, clientibus & aliis, Stuttgart: Matthias Kauttius 1654
Gottlieb Andreae: Christian Sad and Klag - wide famous over the resignation of the blessed man of God Tewren wolverdienten righteous Theological Johan - Valent. Andreae of the H. Scriptures Doctoris Fürstl. Braunsch. and Lüneb. also Würtemb. getrewen Rath prelates to Adelberg and the great Ausschutzes related that 27 Junij evening mod 7 clock Christ reverently in the Lord Dormition of the 30 with ansehenlichem Conduct buried into Ruhbeth to Stuetgardt Auff VII Trinit. . of this 1654 year Wistful widerhohlet by Gottlieb Andreae, Lüneburg: Star 1654
Johann Jacob Moser: Genealogical news, respected by his own, even vilen other Wurtemberg, and partly also foreign families, 2nd ed Tübingen: Schramm 1756, pp. 133f, 284f and 357

Works

Latin

Collectaneorum Mathematicall Corum. Cellius, Tübingen 1614
Doctrinae Christianae Summa. Cellius, Tübingen 1614
A Spiritually Gemäld. Werlin, Tübingen 1615
Epistolo ad illustrious ac Reverendam Rosae Crucis Fraternitatem. Bringer, Frankfurt 1615
Herculis Christiani Luctae. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1615
Confessio Fraternitatis R. C. Wessel, Kassel 1615
De Christiani Cos moxeni Genitura Iudicium. Foillet, Montbéliard 1615
Theca Gladii alcohol. Zetzner and shear, Strasbourg 1616
Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz Anno 1459 Zetzer and shear, Strasbourg 1616. ( Digitized and full text archive in the German text, MDZ: Bilddigitalisate )
Turbo. Immersive Moleste et Frusta Per cuncta Diva goose Ingenium. Strasbourg 1616
Fraternitatis Christ Invitatio ad Sacri Amoris Candidatos. Zetzner and shear, Strasbourg 1617
Peregrini In Patria Errores. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1618
Invitationis Ad Fraternitatem Christ Pars 2: Paraenetica. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1618
Veri Christianismi Solidaeque Philosophiae Libertas. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1618
Menippus Immersive Dialogorum Satyricorum Centuria. Strasbourg 1617
Turris Babel Immersive Iudiciorum de Fraternitate Rosaceae Crucis chaos. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1619
Reipublicae Christianopolitanae Descriptio. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1619
Mythologiae Christianae immersive Virtutum & vitiorum Humanae vitae Imaginum. Libri Tres. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1619
Memorialia, Benevolentium Honori, Et Amori Condolentiae data. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1619
De Curiositatis Pernicie Syntagma Ad singularitatis Studiosos. Rößlin, Stuttgart 1620
Fama Andreana Reflorescens, Sive Jacobi Andreae Waiblingensis Theol. Doctoris. Repp, Strasbourg 1630
Opuscula aliquot De Restitutione Reipub: Christianae In Germania. Endtner, Nuremberg 1633
In Bene méritos Gratuido. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1633
Threni Calvenses Quibus Urbis Calvae Wirtembergica Bustum. Zetzner, Strasbourg 1635
Synopsis Chronologiae Sacrae, Michaelis Maestlini Quondam Mathematici tubingensis celeberrimi. Cum harmonia Vitae Jesus Christ. Stern, Lüneburg 1642
Rei Christianae Et Literariae subsidiarity. Brunn, Tübingen 1642
Amicorum Singularium Clarissimorum Funera. Stern, Lüneburg 1643
Augustus Principis exemplum. Stern, Lüneburg 1644
Locust Sauberti Theology, Umbra. Kautt, Stuttgart 1647
Theophilus, Sive de Christiana Religione Sanctius Colenda, Vita temperantius instituenda, Et Literatura rationabilius docenda Consilium. Kautt, Stuttgart 1649
Seleniana Augustalia. Kühn, Ulm 1649

German

General and General Reformation of gantzen wide world, Wessel, Kassel 1614
A Spiritually Gemäld [ ... ] entworffen From Mr. Huldrich StarckMann [ ... ] and auffgezeichnet. Werlin, Tübingen 1615
Fama Fraternitatis or discovery of the brothers Creates the laudable Order concerning the Rose Creutzes. Hünefeld, Gdansk 1615 Reprints, Kassel 1616
Reprint, Frankfurt am Main 1617

Critical work edition

Johann Valentin Andreae: Collected Writings, 20 vols, ed. by Wilhelm Schmidt- Bigge man. From man - Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1994 et seq, ISBN 978-3-7728-1426-6

Remembrance

June 27 in the Protestant calendar name.

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