Juan Luis Vives
Juan Luis Vives (Catalan Joan Lluís Vives, German Johannes Ludwig Vives, Latin Ioannes Lodovicus Vives ) ( born March 6, 1492 Valencia; † May 6, 1540 in Bruges ) was a Spanish humanist, philosopher and teacher.
Life
Vives parents were zwangsgetaufte Jews. The father was burned by the Spanish Inquisition at the stake. The bones of the mother were unearthed 24 years after her death from the Christian cemetery again and burned later on a Autodafé. As a child of the Marranos humanist, Europeans and social reformers suffered a sad fate in the shadow of the Spanish Inquisition.
Vives studied from 1509 to 1512 philosophy and theology at the Sorbonne in Paris, where he came into contact with the ideas of humanism. In 1512 he moved from Paris to Bruges, where he taught the daughter of a Spanish merchant family, whom he married in 1524. From 1516 Vives held mainly in Leuven ( Louvain), where he received a teaching certificate from the University. During this time he learned Erasmus of Rotterdam, whom he greatly admired and whose acquaintance for him meant the complete devotion to humanism. With its help, he created an extensive commentary to Augustine of Hippo De Civitate Dei. The work was published in 1522.
During his prolonged stay in Leuven to 1523 he was already the author of several works in which he spoke out against scholasticism and related Aristotle belief in authority, while he himself called for increased research with new, own experiments. However, due to the prevailing opinion in the Middle Ages, Aristotle had already gathered all the knowledge, experiments were then frowned and Vives excited with his views impetus.
In 1523 he was invited by the English Cardinal Thomas Wolsey to visit on the island. Vives was called to the English court, where he taught the daughter of Henry VIII, later Queen Mary I, . For them he worked the curriculum De ratione studii puerilis Epistolae duae ( 1523). Vives enjoyed high reputation and was promoted by Henry VIII as an outstanding humanist. He resided at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he received his Doctorate of Jurisprudence and held philosophy and Greek lectures. The stay in England was only of brief visits to Bruges for the purposes of his marriage to Margaret Valdaura 1524, interrupted, but his wife continued to live in Bruges.
In subsequent years, Vives tried to influence the policy of Henry VIII. He condemned the bloody clashes between the Christian nations of Europe and made to the acute danger from the Turks in several letters to the European monarchs and the Pope attention. Vives set particularly high hopes for Emperor Charles V ( " Habsburg Emperor of Peace ").
In 1527 it came to a rift with the English king. He lost the royal patronage after he had spoken out against the king's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, where he took the side of the outcast wife. For six weeks he was therefore placed under house arrest and then expelled from the country.
On his return to Bruges he lived there, by the Emperor Charles V. by a small pension support, until his death, with an interim escape from the plague ( to Lille and Paris ) as well as a consultant with the Duchess of Nassau, 1537-39.
He has published numerous works, most of which criticized the prevailing school of thought. The most important work of this period is De Causis Corruptarum Artium. Vives been able to establish the reputation of the founder of modern pedagogy. His educational major work De tradendis disciplinis directed the progress of the sciences with. Vives advocated expertise, knowledge of the natural sciences and exploitation of nature. He called for the abolition of obsolete methods in the education and training system and thus be clearly declared as opponents of scholasticism. Vives described the science in its progress as an endorsement of Christianity.
Furthermore, Vives put the first one on the right of women to comprehensive education and wrote pamphlets on the care of the poor and the population by the state. In his works of the humanist caused a great sensation; soon appeared to translations.
The idea of the Reformation Vives not joined them. He leaned a division of the Church strictly. The aim should instead be factual and peaceful discussion, particularly with regard to disputes between ( freedom of ) science and ecclesiastical power. He advised against any form of radicalism ( such as those of the Inquisition ).
In the 16th and 17th centuries Vives was next to Erasmus of Rotterdam 's most widely read authors. Its popularity was true for the entire modern period, then the interest dropped sharply, so as to rise towards the end of the 19th century again.
The main writings of Juan Luis Vives 1519-1541
An early treatise against the dialectic of the scholastics of the Middle Ages with thoughts to new forms of art, language and philosophy
The Henry VIII devoted to comments on the writings of the church father Augustine Aurelius ( 354-430 ), which address the ecclesiastical grievances in a multi -volume work. It was set at the instigation of the Jesuits to Vives ' death on the index.
The three volumes, dedicated to the Queen of England Catharina, develop a theory of education for girls and women.
Two lessons letters with the broad of his later education, of which the first copy of the daughter of Queen Catharina - Princess Mary - is dedicated.
The first welfare theory to urban poor relief in the early modern period in two volumes.
The font includes questions and problems to peace in Europe.
The dedicated to Charles V. Scripture calls for peace in Europe and proposals for a council about the abuses of the Church.
A seven-volume, famously, the King of Portugal - John III. - Devoted to criticism of the expiry of the sciences and proposals for its reform.
A five-volume font pedagogical fundamental doctrines and a description of the ideal scholar with the title de vita et moribus eruditi.
In idem: Opera omnia Vol 6, pp. 1-242. Translated by Wilhelm Sendner in collaboration with Christian Wolf and Emilio Hidalgo - Serna: About the reasons of the decline of the arts. Munich 1990. ( = Humanist Library. II.28. ) Font against a decline of the arts (grammar, dialectic, rhetoric )
In three volumes Vives studied the functions of oratory as the consummation of the language, the arts and philosophy
A hereditary prince Philip II dedicated standard work for the school Latin class in the form of dialogues. This book was launched fifteen times in the 16th century and still at the end of the 19th century. for Latin teacher recommended as useful.
Three volumes dedicated to the Duke Francis I of Bavaria, the basing develop the basic concepts of its basic psychological teachings on Aristotle.
Five -volume work in defense of Christianity, which was published only after Vives ' death.