Jubilee (Christianity)
The Jubilee (Hebrew schenat hajobel, Latin annus iubilaeus ) or Holy Year ( annus sanctus ) is a special anniversary year of the Roman Catholic Church, to which the pope granted a plenary indulgence to the faithful. Boniface VIII called in 1300 for the first time such a year for pilgrims who came to Rome. The next jubilee year should follow only after 100 years, originally, the distance was but still further reduced. From 1475 every 25th year was a jubilee year.
The church historical created Jubilee tied indirectly to the Biblical Jubilee: one every 50 years due debt and ownership compensation for all Israelites ( Lev 25.8 to 55 EU). The term " jubilee year " or " year of jubilee " comes from the Hebrew word jobel ( יובל ), originally " Aries " meant. From the ram's horns instrument shofar was built, which should be blown to open a Jubilee year. Hence the expression jobel was transferred to the instrument and thus opening the Jubilee.
The Latin Vulgate Bible translation of the 4th century translated the Hebrew schenat hajobel with annus iubilæus. Therefore, " jubilation ", " jubilee " and the foreign word originate anniversary. Derived from this is the colloquial phrase " blue moon ", the " very rare" means, since a person usually can see only two or three of these in a blue moon.
Formation
For the emergence of the Catholic Jubilee several strands of development came together: The Biblical Jubilee, was reinterpreted in the Book of Jubilees, a biblical scripture of Judaism at a time of penance and progressive salvation. It will long continue until Israel is completely freed from all guilt. In the Talmud, the jubilee with a complete forgiveness of sins and a call for pilgrimage has connected. These aspects are missing in Toragebot: There is about a concrete material debt, freeing slaves and an economic land reform, not about spiritual and moral guilt.
1126 was the inauguration of a new cathedral in Santiago (Spain ) an annus iubilaeus celebrated, which included no indulgences. 1189, the 50th year after the death of Bishop Otto of Bamberg, was celebrated there as a relief and forgiveness year. 1220, 50 years after the assassination of the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Beckett, left his successor Stephen Langton convict whose relics in the newly built Holy Trinity Chapel, called for one of jubilee and invited the faithful to pilgrimage to Canterbury one. He cited the biblical Jubilee, which he wanted to renew in spiritual way as indulgences.
Pope Boniface VIII institutionalized the Jubilee by the bull Antiquorum fida relatio all were dated 22 February 1300. Thought should be given as an anniversary of the birth of Jesus Christ and drain year every 100 years. As justification, the Pope called for a popular piety: It is the customer spread that the church every 100 years on the anniversary of Christ's birth grant a discharge. Secondly, he called the Crusade indulgence, the same and more often done the plenary indulgence in the jubilee year, so it the jubilee indulgence to every 100th year - would limit - usually once during a life span.
Background were the amounts of pilgrims going to Rome, which had flocked to January 1, 1300 in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and a plenary indulgence hoped only that day. This influx had surprised the Curia; the idea of a special indulgences on 1 January was a stranger to her. Only after this day was made in the 14th century a church holiday.
Development
Even Clement VI. 1343 ordered the return of the jubilee to after 50 years. Pope Urban VI. put the jubilee year period 1389 to 33 years, provided that, because Jesus lived 33 years on earth. In quick succession in 1390, 1400, 1413, 1423 and 1450 Jubilees were celebrated until Pope Paul II in 1470 unalterably stipulated that the Jubilee was to celebrate from 1475 every 25 years, so that each generation of man could celebrate a jubilee year. At the same time the main churches of Rome and the cathedrals ( dioceses ) in the different countries were determined to Deputy Interior of St. Peter's in Rome and all its visitors as well plenary indulgence granted as those who had 14 days performed their devotions in St. Peter.
The Eighth Holy Year 1500 was first opened with the ceremonial gavel ceremony, which has since been usual: The Pope opens on Christmas Eve of last year, specifically broken in St. Peter's Basilica Holy Door, a massive marble slab solemnly with several blows of a golden hammer. He speaks blessings. The gate opens, the Pope proceeds first through, follow the believers. At the conclusion of the Holy Year it is closed again. The sacred doors of three other basilicas in Rome, Santa Maria Maggiore, San Giovanni in Laterano, and San Paolo fuori le Mura at the start of the Holy Year also opened and closed again at the end of the year.
Holy Years
Extraordinary Jubilee years
Regardless of the official Jubilee years announced some popes on other occasions also extraordinary anniversaries with the promise of a complete indulgence of all punishments for sin:
While the original Holy Year should honor the birth year of Christ, 1933, the additional year of remembrance of the death and resurrection of Christ was introduced as " the completion of our salvation ." Pius XI. commented on January 6, 1933 there were a particularly extraordinary Holy Year because it is " actually a larger, indeed the largest Jubilee " was.