Jules Vallès

Jules Vallès ( born June 11, 1832 in Puy -en -Velay, Haute -Loire, † February 14, 1885 in Paris) was a French journalist, novelist, journalist, and social and literary critic. The insurgent and elected representatives of the Paris Commune began in 1871 into exile in London, where he remained until 1880, in order to escape the enforcement in the absence of pronounced against him the death sentence (July 14, 1872).

He was editor of the mostly short-lived newspapers La Rue (1867 ), Journal de Sainte- Pélagie (1868 ), Le Peuple (1869 ), Le REFRACTAIRE (3 numbers ), and Le Cri du Peuple (1871 ).

Life

Jules Vallès was born as the son of primary school teacher Louis Vallès, who had married a poor, uneducated country girl. Of the seven, behaved with great discipline and extreme hardness children of the couple, two survived. Due to the dismissal and several changes of position of his father spent Jules Vallès his youth partially in Saint- Étienne, and from the year 1846 in Nantes, where to the chagrin of his father, he gave life to an extremist movement in exclamation of the Second Republic (1848 ), the abolition of the secondary school leaving certificate and all diplomas demanded. Out on the Lycée Bonaparte (now the Lycée Condorcet ) sent to Paris, he failed in Nantes at the Baccalaureate, fell out with his father and returned to Paris, where he was enthusiastic about the ideas of Pierre Joseph Proudhon, the then -known French Socialists and among the leaders of the rebellion to the dismissal of Jules Michelet from the Collège de France. After the coup Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (2 December 1851), which led to bloody fighting in France, called Father Vallès, concerned his own situation, and especially to his teaching post, the compromising son back to Nantes, leaving him on 31 December 1851 under the pretext of insanity instruct in a mental hospital, where he remained interned until March 2.

Soon after, he became secretary of the literary critic Gustave Planche and published in 1857 his first book: L' argent. He also wrote for several newspapers such as Le Figaro, L' Événement and Liberté, which he earned by his vehement attacks against the bourgeoisie repeated convictions ( source? ). Temporarily, he was also an official of the Prefecture of Police ( source? ) And founded in 1867 the journal La Rue, which was soon suppressed by the police.

After September 4, 1870, he let himself take in the International, was chief of a battalion of the National Guard and participated as such in all mutinies during the siege of Paris. After the surrender of the city he founded the journal Le Cri du Peuple ( The Volksruf ), the official organ of the chiefs of the National Guard, and was chosen after the uprising of 18 March 1871 Member of the Paris Commune. After engaging the troops of Versailles, he managed to escape to London, where he worked as an employee of the socialist journal La francaise resolution. In France, he was, however, sentenced to death in absentia.

After the amnesty of July 1880 returned to Paris, he lived on his literary work.

Jules Vallès died on February 14, 1885 at the age of 52 years at his home in Paris (77 Boulevard Saint -Michel ). When the coffin - covered with red silk sash, the Vallès had worn as a member of the Commune - was born on February 16 at noon, out of the house, had gathered in front of a crowd of about 10,000 people. The funeral procession to the cemetery Pere Lachaise followed behind the family members of the deceased, Henri Rochefort, the deputies Antoine Révillon, Clovis Hugues and Georges Laguerre, present in Paris, former members of the Commune as Charles Amouroux, Augustin Avrial, Arnaud, Henri -Louis Champy Frédéric Cournet, Louis -Simon Dereure, Clovis Dupont, Émile Eudes, Gérardin, François Jourde, Charles Longuet, Malon Benoït, Jules Martelet, Eugène Pottier, Dominique regere, Raoul Urbain, Édouard Vaillant, Auguste Viard, and various delegations. It red flags were deployed and on the road rang roadside the cries of "Vive la Commune! Vive la révolution sociale Vive l' anarchy ". Due to a donated by the German Socialists ring, there were several incidents. The police did not intervene. The grave speech was Henri Rochefort. In 1914, the grave was adorned with a portrait bust by sculptor Jean Carlus.

Jules Vallès wrote about his work:

His Zuwidmungen the trilogy

Selections

His most important writings are: Les Refractaires (1866 ), a collection of older, published in the newspaper Le Figaro texts, Les chroniques de l' homme masque, collected contributions to the " Voltaire " (1882 ) and the autobiographical trilogy of novels Jacques Vingtras ( 1879 / 1886), the last part remained unfinished and was published posthumously in 1886.