Kawaimina languages
Spoken in
- Austronesian
- Malayo - Polynesian languages
- Central Malayo -Polynesian
- Timor- Flores
- Timor
- Fabronische languages
- Kawaimina
-
Map
Krd, n ×, wmh
Kawaimina ( Portuguese: Cauaimina ) is a common abbreviation for four similar dialects in East Timor. This acronym is used by linguists for the languages , not the speaker himself, the dialects are Kairui ( Cairui ) Waimaha, Midiki ( Mideki ) and Naueti. A total of 49 096 East Timorese are native speakers of these dialects (2010).
- 6.1 Notes and references
Overview
The Kawaimina languages belong to Timor branch of the Central Malayo -Polynesian languages. Due to their proximity to the Papuan, especially to Makasae, there are some bonds, especially when Naueti. The languages covered by both anarchic, as well as by unusual linguistic innovations, such as vowel harmony, aspiration and post- Glottalization with consonants in their sound system. The grammar is ( with the partial exception in Naueti ) is very simple in its structure. Kawaimina is one of the 15 national languages recognized by the Constitution of East Timor.
In counts of native speakers of each language a distinction between them is difficult because Kairui and Midiki spokesman partially describe themselves as Waimaha spokesman.
Kairui and Midiki
- Proportion of native speakers in the Sucos East Timor
Midiki
Kairui ( Karui ) is mainly in the border area between the districts of Baucau and Viqueque District spoken ( in the Sucos Builale and Liaruca ). The speakers are spread over the districts of Baucau ( 1,671 speakers), Manatuto ( 564) and Viqueque ( 3647 ). Overall, enter 2010 5.993 East Timorese Kairui as their native language.
Midiki one speaks in the sub-districts of Lacluta and Venilale and Suco Liaruca. Some Midiki spokesman close Ossu in the district Viqueque call their language Osomoko ( Oso Moko ). In some areas Midiki and Kairui are alternately spoken. Midiki give 9,586 people as their mother tongue ( 5,675 from the district of Baucau, 652 Manatuto and 3,019 from Viqueque ).
Ethnologue assigns Osomoko as a dialect to Naueti and summarizes Midiki and Kairui than one language together.
Waimaha
Waimaha ( Waima'a in their own language, Waimoa for other Timorese, other forms of writing: Uai Ma'a, Waimoa, Uaimo'a ) is spoken along the northern coast of Timor between Vemasse and Bucoli and outside the city of 18,467 people Baucaus as their mother tongue ( census of 2010; 18,243 in Baucau district, 152 in Dili ). The proper name Waima'a derives from the words wai for " water" and ma'a for " empty" from. The language area is one of the driest regions of Timor.
Waimaha is next Yapesisch, one of two Austronesian languages , the ejecting Cancel ( ejective stops ) know. Waimaha can be divided into two dialects: coastal and mountain Waimaha Waimaha. The coastal dialect is spoken in the Sucos Bahu, Bucoli, Caibada, Triloca and Tirilolo, mountain Waimaha in the Sucos Loilubo, Ostico, Ossouala, Uaigae and Uato -Lari. Especially in the Sucos Bahu, Bucoli and Tirilolo belonging in part to city Baucau or be close to her, take more and more young people the official language Tetum as their first language. During the Indonesian occupation (1975 to 1999), some speakers of the Nagorno- Waimaha were forcibly resettled to Manatuto, where they lived together with speakers of the national language Galoli. Although some of the forcibly displaced were returning to their old home, the use of Waimaha has fallen with them. Christianized Waimaha attended Christian- Portuguese names, while the followers of traditional beliefs continue the old name. But you only make a very small minority and are mostly those who speak only Waimaha. Christian and Waimaha with increasing education usually speak several languages , including Tetum, Portuguese and Galoli. Also Makasae that dominates the city Baucau is more frequently spoken in the traditional Waimaha areas.
Culture
The Waimaha spokesman married traditionally within their patrilineal clans ( endogamy ), which were each connected to a certain Totem House ( umo - baha ). The totem houses can be seen on the attached to them buffalo horns. The marriage of cousins but, almost no longer practiced by the influence of the Catholic Church, of which most East Timorese now. You now mostly married partners from outside the clan. Animist traditions have yet held in everyday life. So is still a high bride price ( weli ) to pay. This can be for the groom's family mean the payment of a multiple of the average annual salary.
Naueti
Naueti ( Nauhete, Nauete, Naóti, Nauote, Nauoti ) is spoken by the 13,634 members of the ethnic group of the same name on the southern coast in the district of Viqueque to the places Uato -Lari and Uatucarbau. A small group of 1,062 Naueti lives in Baguia in the district of Baucau. The area is surrounded by Makasae - speakers, which is why Naueti has taken many loanwords from Makasae. Overall Naueti is the mother tongue of 15,045 East Timorese.