Kazuhiko Nishijima

Kazuhiko Nishijima (西 岛 和 彦Japanese Kazuhiko Nishijima, born October 4, 1926 in Tsuchiura, † 15 February 2009) was a Japanese particle physicists. He was professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo and Kyoto. He is known especially for the in collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann emerged Gell-Mann - Nishijima formula and the concept of strangeness, which he called after the η -meson as eta - charge.

Life and work

Nishijima received in 1948 his diploma in physics from the Tokyo Imperial University and received his doctorate in 1955 at the University of Osaka with a thesis on the nuclear potential.

At the University of Osaka, he was commissioned in 1950 by Yoichiro Nambu, on the theory of the strong interaction and the physics of strange matter (then called V particles) to work. While he examined the decay of these particles, he developed together with Tadao Nakano - regardless of Murray Gell-Mann - a relation for the quantum numbers of the particles:

With the electric charge Q of the third component of the isotopic spin I3 baryon B and strangeness S of the particle.

This Gell-Mann - Nishijima formula (or NNG formula for Nishijima, Nakano, Gell-Mann ) was crucial for the development of the quark model by Gell- Mann and George Zweig in 1964 ( independently).

At the invitation of Werner Heisenberg Nishijima worked from 1956 to 1958 in Göttingen before moving to the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1958. One and a half years later he became a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. In 1966 he returned to the University of Tokyo, where he established a working group for theoretical physics, but also administrative tasks took over. 1986-1989 and 1995-2005 he was president of the Nishina Memorial Foundation, a foundation to promote physics in Japan.

Until his death Nishijima was active in the research, most recently confinement and non-commutative quantum field theory. He died of leukemia.

Writings

  • Nishijima K: Fundamental Particles. W. A. Benjamin, 1963.
  • K Nishijima: Fields and Particles: Field Theory and Dispersion Relations, 4th, Benjamin Cummings, 1998, ISBN 0805373993rd

Awards

  • Nishina Price ( Nishina Kinenshō )
  • ( Prize of the Japan Academy of Sciences) Nippon Gakushiin - shō
  • Japanese Order of Culture (English Order of Culture )
  • Appointment as Bunka Kōrōsha (person with special cultural merits ) ( 1993)
  • Guggenheim Fellowship (English Guggenheim Fellowship )
  • 3rd court rank ( jusammi )
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula Isospin Baryon number Princeton (New Jersey) Professor#Named professorships Color confinement Nishina Memorial Prize Physics Today Digital Object Identifier Physics Letters
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