Kubaba

Kubaba ( ( DEUS ) ku AVIS, Ku -ba -ba, ku ( i) papa ) was the Luwian city goddess of Karkamış on the upper Euphrates. It was called the "Queen of Karkamış ", and the majority of their dedicated inscriptions are from the territory and city environment. Often it is explicitly mentioned Kubaba of Karkamış. Her husband was the god of the hunt Karhuhas ( DEUS.CERVUS2, karhu -ha -sa ), and the Mesopotamian Ea is mentioned in the inscriptions.

Appearance and Attributes

The name of the Kubaba is written with the hieroglyph for bird and you were pigeons sacred. Barnett suggests the representation of hieroglyph on the other hand, as a falcon or hawk. In the Kubaba relief from Karkamış her throne stands on a lion, which is the other symbol animal of the goddess, probably. Based on Ishtar / Šawuška On the relief from Malatya her throne, however, stands on a bull while her husband Karhuhas stands on a lion with a spear and a cylindrical cap with three pairs of horns. On a late Hittite relief from Karkamış Kubaba wearing a floral decorated Tholos with veil that is decorated with a pair of horns. She is dressed in a long coat and wearing a wide belt, perhaps made ​​of metal. Your queue is curled at the end. She holds a pomegranate in one hand, a round mirror in the other hand. The pomegranate is also found on the relief from Malatya.

Dissemination

Kubaba is mentioned in Hittite texts sacrifice, but one assumes there is no outstanding position. KBU XVII ( p. 24;. Lapel III 10-14) calls the victim of a sheep to Kubaba and Iškalliš together. Next, get Damkina, Daikina, Salus Pitinḫi, Ilaruwa, the sea and all the rivers Hatti each a sheep, the God Ḫilaššiš contrast, a sheep, a bird and a cake. The cult of Kubaba is also evidenced by names like Kubilis. When, after the fall of the Hittite Empire, the influence Karkamış ' grew, and the cult of the deity spread, especially in northern Syria and Anatolia.

Curse formulas require Kubaba on to emasculate the wicked, as the inscription of Sultanhanı.

Cult

One in Karkamış assigned by the Woolley Kubaba in the northwest of the Acropolis excavated, poorly -preserved temple. This association is not backed up. An altar found there is the TERRA.DEUS.DOMINA, the divine mistress of the world dedicated ( Carchemish inscription A5). In honor of the goddess found processions and parades King Katuwas Kubaba built a temple. Also Kamanis, a ward of King Jariris (around 760), it was built a temple and consecrated her a statue. A unit placed under the ruler Sangara or Suhis II orthostat relief of ten stones, alternating basalt and limestone, prepared in accordance Ussishkin a procession in honor of the goddess represents ( the Kubaba procession, reliefs B18B - B24). The first stone on the left side ( B19a ) shows the goddess seated on a throne. The throne is on the back of a lion. Before the goddess musicians are represented, including drummers and trumpeters. 15 priests follow the goddess behind them twelve victim support, the gazelles offer. Nine of the stones were found in situ, the remains of another ( Karkamış B45 ) in the foundation of a Roman wall just above the temple.

Kubaba were sacrificed oxen and sheep.

Inscriptions

Private Weiheinschiften are rare, most of them coming from the kings of Karkamış and their immediate environment, and their vassals.

• Uratarhundas stele ( Carchemish A4 b ),
• An inscription of the ruler Katuwas (around 880 BC) reported that he " restored her " the Kubaba ( Karkamış 2a ), on the other door Tele ( B18 ) report of processions and offerings to the goddess.
• The sons of Sasturas, the vizier of King Kamanis ( pisiri? ) Boast a good relationship with the goddess and remember that one of their ancestors consecrated her a statue.
• On the stele of Körkün a vassal of the king appoints Astirus ( 810 ) on the authority of Kubaba and Tarhunzas.
• Two Stelem of Tell Ahmar ( c. 900 B.C. )
• The Arpas stele from Aleppo (Aleppo 2) calls Kubaba and Ea in a curse formula, the ruler calls himself a servant of the Tarhunzas.
• Two stone blocks from Boybeypinarı ( province Adiyaman | Adiyaman ) in Kummuḫ bear an inscription of Panamuwatis, the wife of King Suppiluliumas ( 805-773 ), who had dedicated to the goddess a throne base and a table of offerings.
• A stele from Malatya called Kubaba and Runzas
• The fragment from Ankoc in Kummuḫ also called Kubaba and Runzas
• An inscription from Bulgarmarden, donated by Tarhunazas, a vassal of Warpalawas called Kubaba and Tarhunzasas, in the curse formula, the moon god ( DEUS.LUNA ) and Nikaruhas.
• The inscription of çiftlik by a vassal of Tuwatis of tabal ( 760 ) calls Kubaba as the wife of Ea
• The Kululu stele also called Kubaba and Ea in a curse formula
• The stele of Sultanhanı, donated by a vassal of the Wasusarmas, son of Tuwatis, Kubaba calls in the curse formula, along with the moon god of Harran and the gods of ataha.
• The Karaburun contract between king and Sipis Sipis, son of Nis called Kubaba and the moon god of Harran
• The curse formula on a stone shell without locality called Kubaba with Karhuhas and Santas

Equating

The Kufaws / Kubaba the Lydians should correspond to the Kubaba. After her Laroche also corresponds to the Kubelē or cubeb, the model of the Greek Cybele. Barnett sees the revered Kybebe in Sardis, whose temple was burned down by the Persians, according to Herodotus, an embodiment of Kubaba. The Phrygian Matar kubileya bears the nickname.

Sayce wants Kubaba equate with the Mitanni Hepat and the goddess of Tyana and Kybistra. FG Gordon reads the kpp the Keftiu sayings as Kupapa.