La Trinità della Cava
The Abbey of Santissima Trinità di Cava de ' Tirreni (Latin: Territorialis Abbatia Sanctissimae Trinity Cavensis ) is a Benedictine monastery in the province of Salerno. She is also familiar under the name of Badia di Cava, as it is below a cave. The abbey was founded in the 11th century and in 1394 raised to the exemten Abbey.
It is situated on a hill about 3 km from the town of Cava de ' Tirreni removed for which the abbey was the starting point of the development, and not far from the Amalfi coast.
History
The founder of the abbey was the salernitanische nobles Alferio Pappacarbone, a trained at the Abbey of Cluny Lombard, who retired in 1011 to a hermit living below the grotto Arsiccia. His heiligmäßes life attracted many students who built a small monastery, the core of today's Abbey. The Holy Alferio died at an advanced age on April 12, 1050.
The first four abbots of Holy Trinity have been recognized by the Church as saints ( Alferio, Leone, Pietro and Costabile ), others were beatified ( Simeone, Falcone, Marino, Benincasa, Peter II, Balsamo, Leonardo, Leone II ).
Among them is San Pietro I., nephew of Alferio to emphasize the very expanded the monastery and a strong monastic community founded the Ordo Cavensis, which spread over the whole of southern Italy. The spread support the Prince of Salerno. San Pietro took more than 3000 monks in the community. Pope Urban II, the San Pietro had met at Cluny, in 1092 visited the abbey and consecrated the basilica.
Princes and nobles gave the monastery comprehensive of rights and goods and rights of patronage in many churches and monasteries. The popes confirmed the donations and made it exemt.
In the 14th - 15th Century witnessed a decline of the monastery and was led like many other monasteries of commendatory.
1394 gave Pope Boniface IX. the settlement around the monastery the title of city and made it an independent diocese, whose abbot had to be resident in the monastery, and as its cathedral served the monastery church. The monastic community was the chapter of the cathedral.
1431 Mons was. Angelotto Fusco Kardinalabt and ruled the monastery and diocese Cava as the first commendatory.
The last commendatory transferred the abbey of the Congregation of the Holy Jusitiniana of Padua. The reforms put on the top of the abbey no longer a bishop or cardinal but a temporary Abtsamt. The spiritual life of the abbey flourished since the 16th century on again and the Church was also architecturally renovated. Abbot D. Giulio De Palma had church, seminary, novitiate and other parts of the monastery new building.
The abbey was abolished under Napoleon, with Abbot Carlo Mazzacane could prevent major damage. The 25 monks remained on the premises under his direction established. With the restoration after the fall of Napoleon, the abbey was returned to the spiritual life.
With the dissolution of the monasteries by the Law of 7 July 1867, the Abbey was declared the " Monumento Nazionale " and entrusted to the community of monks, were able to prevent the destruction caused by the cancellation.
1979, Pope John Paul II, the monastery back to the Territorial Abbey. The diocese comprises four parishes and churches of Maria Santissima Avvocata above Maiori, Avvocatella in San Cesareo San Vincenzo Ferreri and in Dragonea.
The famous monastery archive contains about 15,000 documents dating to the 8th century. The library keeps many manuscripts and incunabula.
Boarding school
1867 a boarding school ( the Collegio " San Benedetto " ) was established with a school in the monastery. The Liceo Classico is treated as state schools since 1894 and is open to home sleepers. Since 1985, the school can also be attended by women.