Laccaria bicolor

Two-tone Lacktrichterling ( Laccaria bicolor)

The Two-Tone Lacktrichterling ( Laccaria bicolor ) is a species of fungus in the family of Heath truffle relatives ( Hydnangiaceae ). Typical of the fruiting bodies, the lower end of the handle, which is covered with a ± clearly contrasting purple Myzelfilz. The agaric is common in the coniferous and deciduous forests, temperate zone worldwide. In Central Europe the solitary to gregarious growing fruiting from July to October.

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The 2-10 cm wide, light brown hat with a feinschuppigen surface is first convex, later expanded. The remotely located under mixed and purple-pink colored slats are attached or decurrent on stem. The thin meat has a pink - brownish color.

Microscopic characteristics

The 6-10 × 5-8 micron sized spores are spherical and have a about 1 micron long appendix.

Artabgrenzung

Laccaria bicolor is very similar to the Reddish Lacktrichterling Laccaria laccata, as its subspecies it was originally.

Ecology and Physiology

The Two-Tone Lacktrichterling forms a Ektomykhorizza symbiosis with various conifers, for example, Douglas fir, poplar, American red pine, jack pine and black spruce. Laccaria bicolor is during this carnivorous fungus symbiosis: He exudes a toxin, which paralyzes live in the soil and kill springtails to penetrate them with its hyphae. Here he takes on nitrogen compounds with which it supplies trees as symbiosis partner. In return, the fungus receives from the plant glucose. In a cultured strain of Laccaria bicolor endosymbiotic bacteria were ( Paenibacillus spp.) Discovered that might improve the nutrient uptake and utilization. In culture media provide ammonium and nitrate is the preferred nitrogen sources, while the amino acid glycine is also used as nitrogen and carbon source. Another major carbon sources are glucose, maltose and starch, but not sucrose or galactose.

Molecular Biology

The published in 2008 Laccaria bicolor genome has a size of 65 million base pairs and has about 20,000 protein -encoding genes, along with numerous transposons and repetitive DNA elements. It there are no genes for enzymes that can degrade plant cell walls or sucrose. Certain sequences indicate the expression of enzymes that can digest oligosaccharides animal or bacterial origin in a saprotrophic phase of life. Some genes for small secreted proteins (small secreted proteins) are at the beginning and during the symbiosis strongly induced. Belonging to this group MiSSP7 protein plays a key role in the initiation of Mykorhizza: MiSSP7 is released in response to plant signal molecules from the fungal hyphae and taken up by the plant roots via endocytosis, where it acts as a transcription factor. Decreased expression of MiSSP7 prevents a symbiosis between fungi and plants.

Use

The edible mushroom has no high feed value. In forestry, for example, in Douglas fir growing in France, the mycelium of Laccaria bicolor for improving plant growth is added to the substrate at the bottom of tree seedlings by which mycorrhizal associations can be formed. Here, a mycorrhizal symbiosis with Laccaria bicolor in Douglas-fir seedlings causes a tripling of biomass. At the same time plant phosphorus and potassium intake is increased.