Lactarius chrysorrheus
Liquid Gold Milchling ( Lactarius chrysorrheus )
The Gold Liquid milk Ling ( Lactarius chrysorrheus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). It is a medium sized Milchling whose milk instantly turns yellow. The dry and zoned hat is colored ocher- yellow to salmon pink. As a typical oak companion, he is one of the most common Milkcaps in thermophilous oak forests. The fruiting bodies occur between August and October. The fungus is inedible because of its bitter taste. The Artattribut ( epithet ) chrysorrheus is derived from the ancient Greek word roots chryso -, golden ' and rheos, river' from.
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The cap is 5-10 cm wide, yellow, pink or orange colored, where he darker, has concentric zones. He is initially convex, but is then pushed down flat and ultimately easy. He is often on the edge wavy and has a smooth surface.
The stem is whitish or paler than the hat. It is hollow and cylindrical. The slats are arched and of the same color as the stem, but turn yellowish in injury. They are initially very dense and give a creamy white spore print.
The flesh is white and tastes mild at first, but later slightly sharp. The milk is initially white, turns on the air but quickly sulfur yellow.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are rounded to broadly elliptical and an average of 6.4 to 8.0 microns long and 5.7 to 6.3 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.3. Spore ornament composed of 0.4-0.9 micron high, warts and fine short burred ribs which are almost completely connected reticulated. Nevertheless, there are numerous standing isolated warts. Is more or less the Hilarfleck inamyloid. The rather clavate basidia measure 30-50 × 8.5-11 microns and each carry four sterigmata.
The blades cutting are heterogeneous: In addition to the numerous basidia Cheilomakrozystiden occur. These are 45-65 microns long and 5-9 microns wide and fusiform to pfriemförmig. The equally numerous Pleuromakrozystiden are fusiform to slightly clavate shaped, more or less, and measure 45-90 x 7-12 microns.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a loose and barely differentiated, 145-175 microns thick cutis, consisting of irregularly interwoven hyphae 2.5-6 microns wide. Many hyphae are in ascending order and are clear from the Hyphenverband. The hyphae in the Subpellis are 5-7.5 microns wide, slightly inflated and more or less strongly intertwined with each other.
Artabgrenzung
The rapidly discoloring milk of Gold Liquid milk -form is a feature by which one can easily distinguish it from other similar-looking milk Lingen. Even the hint of zoning is typical. In addition to the gold cash Milchling there are other species with yellow discoloring milk. This includes also frequently found under oaks inedible Sharp sulfur Milchling (L. decipiens ). His flesh brownish to orange - flesh-colored hat is always ungezont and the milk turns slower.
The mild to bitter -tasting flutter Reizker (L. tabidus ) is a representative acidic wetlands and grows under birch and alder. His milk turns yellow something. The Alps in the more common larch Milchling (L. pominsis ) is quite similar to the gold cash Milchling, his milk remains white.
Ecology
The Gold Liquid milk Ling is like all Milkcaps a mycorrhizal fungus, especially the oak enters into a symbiotic partnership in Northern and Central Europe. In southern Europe, it grows well under chestnuts. You can find the fungus in oak-hornbeam and thermophilic oak woods and in beech and mixed forests, especially in book Luzulo beech forests. It was also detected in other forest communities. The Milchling like more acidic, fresh floors and is in limestone areas very rare or absent. Otherwise, it makes no special demands on the soil. It grows on basalt, loess, sand, loam or clay soils as well as on Ranker, brown earth or silica sands. The Gold Liquid Milchling area is sometimes quite often, but never occurs in large quantities. The fruiting bodies appear from late July to October.
Dissemination
The Gold Liquid milk Ling was detected in North Asia ( Siberia, Korea, Japan), North America (USA, Canada, Mexico), North Africa (Morocco) and in Europe. In Europe, it is well distributed throughout the oak and chestnut - site. Occasionally he can be outside of the area planted with oaks and chestnuts, see (for example, in the Hebrides ). In Estonia it is found only on the island of Saaremaa. The Gold Liquid Milchling is scattered in Germany and Switzerland until rare. In Hesse and North Rhine -Westphalia, he is classified on the Red List as endangered ( RL3 ).
System
The fungus described in 1838 for the first time Elias Magnus Fries, the founder of modern mycology. Synonyms are the variety Lactarius theiogalus described by L. Quélet 1886 var chrysorrheus and Galorrheus chrysorrheus and Lactifluus chrysorrheus after Paul Kummer in 1871, the species in the genus Galorrheus and C. Kuntze has placed it in the genus Lactifluus 1891. Further taxonomic synonyms are Lactarius brevis Peck ( 1905) and Lactarius theiogalus ( Bull.) Gray ( 1821).
The Milchling provided by Heilmann -Clausen and M. Basso as only European species in the sub-section Croceini. The sub-section on its part, in the section Zonarii. Their representatives have dry until tacky, smooth hats, the brim is sometimes slightly velvety in young specimens. Your milk turns within seconds intense yellow.
Importance
The fungus is considered by Phillips and Lamaison as toxic, but rated by Bon as edible. Garnweidner considers him unfit for human consumption. The consumption of several types of toxic Milkcaps can lead to acute indigestion, which can be serious. The milk of the Gold Liquid milk Lings tastes very sharp.
Swell
- Marcel Bon: Pareys book of mushrooms. Paul Parey, Hamburg, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-490-19818-2, page 92
- Jean -Louis Lamaison, Jean -Marie Polese: The Great Encyclopedia of Mushrooms. Könemann, 2005, ISBN 3-8331-1239-5, page 49
- Edmund Garnweidner: GU nature guide fungi. 2nd edition. Grafe and Dead Ringers, Munich, 1987, ISBN 3-7742-2216-9, p 168