Lactarius helvus
Felted Milchling ( Lactarius helvus )
The Woolly Milchling or Bruchreizker ( Lactarius helvus ) is a slightly toxic fungal species from the family of Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). Due to the spicy smell of lovage ( Levisticum officinale), which still increases after drying of the fruit body, he is also known as Maggi fungal or lovage Milchling. The Milchling is very common in moist to boggy coniferous forests. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October.
- 5.1 Subspecies and varieties
- 6.1 toxicity
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat of felted milk Lings reached a diameter of 4 to 15 cm. He has a flesh- brown to orange brown color and is first slightly arched, later depressed with a hump. The surface of the hat is feinfilzig. The stem is up to 10 cm long and up to 4 cm thick. He is usually brighter than the hat and smooth unlike the hat. The lamellae are grown widely. They are initially cream-colored with a pink mixed sound, but become darker during growth. The meat is white and firm, but breaks very easily ( name: Bruchreizker ). When a violation of young fruiting bodies occurs only sparingly in water clear milky juice, older copies not milks. With age, the fruiting bodies develop an intense smell of lovage. The smell has been described with fenugreek or resembling celery.
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are elliptical to broadly elliptical and an average of 7.0-7.5 microns long and 5.4 to 5.8 microns wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width is 1.2 to 1.4. Spore ornament is between 0.5 and 1 (1.5 ) microns high and consists of a small, single warts as well as of short, burred ribs which are connected to form a more or less complete, irregular network with rather small meshes. the Hilarfleck is inamyloid. the basidia are cylindrical, bulbous or slightly clavate and each carry four sterigmata. 30-50 microns long and you are 7.5-11 microns wide.
The cylindrical to spindle- shaped, 40-70 microns long and 7-12 microns wide Pleuromakrozystiden have a blunt tip and are quite numerous. In older specimens they are often partially compressed. The blades cutting are heterogeneous, so sit next to the basidia also few to numerous Cheilomakrozystiden. The Cheilomakrozystiden are varied, they can be cylindrical to slightly clavate, and are often septate one to five times. This is a feature that is unique among European dairy Lingen. Sometimes the 20-75 microns long and 7-9 microns wide Cheilomakrozystiden are contracted to the septa and sometimes the cell wall is slightly thickened.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is only slightly differentiated and is morphologically between Trichoderma and cutis. It consists partly of parallel, but mostly irregularly interwoven hyphae 4-12 microns wide, between run single Lactiferen.
Artabgrenzung
The break - Reizker is easily recognized by his maggi like odor and water-clear milk. Just the hat color, size, and the dry, finely felted hat skin are sufficient as features for a reliable determination. He may be confused at best with the similar aromatic smelling, but non-toxic camphor Milchling ( Lactarius camphoratus ). This is significantly smaller and darker in color. Also, the Maggi odor developed in him only when drying.
Ecology
You can find the Milchling in spruce-fir and spruce forests, spruce forests, as well as spruce, pine and birch forests and peat bogs and in Torfstichen. Sometimes you can find it under its host trees in acidic beech forests.
The break - Reizker may alternately dry to wet, shallow to deep, acidic soils, which must be pronounced base-and nutrient-poor. He often comes to podsolierten brown and luvisols, podzols, gley. Pseudogley and peat soils before. About lime or basic parent rock it grows only when it is covered by a thick needle litter, mor or moder layer or in wet, covered by dense peat moss sinks. The fruiting bodies appear from July through October, often in the midst of peat moss. Its main growth period is the late summer. The break - Reizker is spread from the lowlands to the mountains.
Dissemination
The Woolly Milchling was detected in North Asia ( Siberia, Japan, Korea), North America (USA, Canada) and Europe. It is a temperate to boreal Art In Southern Europe Milchling is probably only in the mountains. In Western Europe it is widely dispersed from France, through the Benelux countries to Great Britain and Ireland. In Ireland, it is rare and in Scotland quite often. The fungus is found in Central Europe and is widely used here. To the east and northeast of the fungus comes to Russia and to the north before throughout Fennoscandia. In Eastern and Northern Europe the fungus is very common, but missing in the far north.
In Germany, the break - Reizker from the Danish border and the North and Baltic Sea islands can be found up in the Bavarian Alps into it. In the Alps it is found up to the tree line. However, overall the species is moderately common, although there are areas in which the Milchling is quite common, while widely lacking in all limestone areas. In Switzerland, the Milchling is common, but not often.
System
The break - Reizker is placed in the sub-section Coloratini, which in turn is in the section Colorati. The representatives of the sub-section have dry, more or less scaly and felted hats. The milk is white or watery and unchangeable in the air. The spores are ornamented more or less reticular. Closely related species of the break - Reizkers are the pale coconut milk Ling (L. glyciosmus ), dark coconut - milk Ling (L. mammosus ) or Purple Milchling (L. lilacinus ).
Subspecies and varieties
- Lactarius var albidus Bon & Hausknecht
Importance
Toxicity
The Woolly Milchling is dried because of its intense odor and taste and pulverized used in small amounts as a spice fungus. The typical smell of curry or lovage ( " Maggia Roma " ) is based on that contained in the fruiting bodies flavoring sotolon.
Both raw and cooked the mushroom is slightly toxic. As a sesquiterpene toxin is suspected, but could not be precisely identified. The toxin causes nausea and diarrhea, accompanied by dizziness and chills out. The signs may be observed 15 minutes after eating the fruit body. In October 1949, there was a mass poisoning in Leipzig, a total of 418 people were affected in this case.