Lactarius vietus
Pitting Ender Milchling ( Lactarius vietus )
The gray stain finish or decay Milchling ( Lactarius vietus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). It is a medium sized Milchling with a greasy, gray violet to brown violet hat and a white on the fins gray-green discoloring milk. The stem tip underneath the disks is often whitish. The Milchling grows on nutrient-poor, moist places under birch trees. Usually one finds the fruiting from August to November in bogs, where they grow directly into Torfmoospolstern. The Milchling is not edible because of its sharp milk.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The hat is 2.5-7.5 (-10 ) cm wide, only slightly arched, later flattened and depressed in the center. At the age it can also be engrossed in a funnel shape. The Hutmitte often carries a small hump or an indicated papilla. The hat skin is moist little tacky, but dries very soon now and then is matte and more or less frosted white. The hat is pale purplish gray, purple brown or brownish- pink and not or only indistinctly zoned. Later, the colors fade from the marginal zone remains long reddish flesh. The long -curved rim is bent often wavy in age.
The rather forced standing and little forked lamellae are wide grown on a stick or run briefly down to it. They are whitish young and later cream and ocher have a slightly orange tinge. At pressure points they are gray-brown mottled. The fins are cut smooth and the spore powder is white to cream-colored.
The most slender and cylindrical stem is 3-8 cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide and will soon be hollow. He is cream - colored flesh-colored to pale dirty ocher and usually paler than the hat. There is a brighter, whitish zone At the arm end directly beneath the leaves. The surface is smooth to slightly längsaderig and frosted white young.
The sharp- tasting milk is white and dries slowly greenish gray to gray- brown one. The flesh is white and almost odorless and tastes only mildly but after a few seconds sharp.
Microscopic characteristics
The roundish to elliptical spores are on average 7.9 to 8.5 microns long and 6.5-6.7 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.4. The spores ornament is up to 1 micron high and consists of stand alone individual warts and burred ribs which are mostly connected reticulate. The Hilarfleck is in the outer region more or less amyloid.
The clavate to bulbous basidia measure 40-55 x 9-11 microns and are partially two, but mostly viersporig. The Pleuromakrozystiden get distracted before to numerous and measure 50-115 × 7-12 microns. They are narrow bottle-shaped to lance-shaped and up usually pointed. The blades cutting are usually sterile and bear numerous, cylindrical, fusiform or pfriemförmige Cheilomakrozystiden that are 27-55 microns long and 4-7 microns wide.
The hat skin is a Ixocutis, which consists mainly of hyphae lying parallel but partly also from ascending, 1-5 microns wide hyphae or Hyphenfragmenten. All hyphae are gelatinized.
Artabgrenzung
The purple - to flesh- brown and strong ausblassende hat, the gray- green one- drying, hot milk and the pale, ring-like zone of the stem tip are quite good, macroscopic characteristics to delineate the pitting Ender Milchling of similar and closely related species.
The very rare, odorless hunched Milchling (L. pilatii ) has a dark brown stained and buckled hat and slightly narrower spores. He is also a birch companion.
The gray stain finish Milchling can also be confused with ausgeblassten forms of the Nordic dairy compact ( trivialis L. ), which grows in spruce, but can also be found in birch trees. This is in contrast to the gray spot ends Milchling a very slimy hat and larger spores. His milk turns orange yellow with potassium hydroxide solution.
Even the pale coconut milk Ling (L. glyciosmus ) can sometimes look similar. One can see from its pleasant coconut smell it easily. All other Milkcaps with greenish discoloration on milk have different colored and usually darker fruit bodies. The Grey Pale Milchling (L. albocarneus ) has a similarly colored hat, but is also much slimy and has a to sulfur yellow discoloring milk. It is found mainly among fir trees.
Ecology
The gray stain finish Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus and a strict birch companion. It is found mainly in bogs and on wet Molinia meadows on base-and nutrient-poor, wet soils. It can also grow on somewhat drier soils and therefore can also be found in mixed oak - birch forests or spruce forests with scattered birches. The fruiting bodies appear from mid-August to late November often directly in Torfmoospolstern. It is found mainly in the hilly and mountainous country.
Dissemination
The gray stain finish Milchling is a type of mushroom with holarctic distribution, in North Asia ( Siberia, Kamchatka, Japan, Korea), North America (Canada, USA), North Africa (Morocco) and has been shown in Europe. In Europe, its range includes the submeridionale, temperate, boreal and arctic - alpine ranges in the inside. In Southern Europe, Milchling is rare in France and the Benelux countries scattered to widespread, while it is often especially in the north of the UK and throughout Fennoscandia. Extends its range northward to the Swedish Lapland. In Central Europe the fungus is widespread, but not very often and may be entirely absent in larger areas also.
Also in Germany the Milchling is widespread and is probably present in all provinces, but the bound predominantly to Moore Milchling in Germany is declining. In Hessen, Saarland and Saxony -Anhalt the Milchling is considered endangered, in Baden- Württemberg even as endangered. In Switzerland, the Milchling is common, but not often.
System
The Milchling was first described in 1821 by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fies as Agaricus vietus. In 1838 he placed it in the genus Lactarius, so he got his today valid name. Nomenclatural synonyms are Galorrheus vietus (Fr.) P. Kummer ( 1871) and Lactifluus vietus (Fr.) Kuntze (1891 ). The described in 1894 by Max Britzelmayr kind Lactarius paludestris regarded as taxonomic synonym. The Latin Artattribut ( epithet ) means shriveled or shrunken.
Infra Generic Systematics
Bon is the gray spot ends Milchling in the sub-section Vieti standing together with the subsection Pyrogalini in the section Tristes with him. The representatives of the sub-section to have slimy sticky hats and a milk that darkens on exposure to air and dries blotchy gray or brown on the fins. In M. Basso and Clausen - Heilmann of Milchling is in the subsection Pyrogalini, which in turn is in the section Glutinosi.
Importance
The pungent Milchling is not edible mushroom.