Mayotte

Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France. Previously it had been since 1976 subdivision of the French Republic ( territorial collectivity de la République française, since 2001 under the name Departmental collectivity ). On 31 March 2011 the status of Mayotte was 101 French departments; it was on 1 January 2014 as an area outermost ( " OMR ": Outermost Regions) part of the European Union and has the same status, such as French Guiana. Mayotte is situated on the northern edge of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean between the northern part of Madagascar and northern Mozambique. Geographically it belongs to the archipelago of the Comoros.

  • 6.1 roads
  • 6.2 International Airports
  • 6.3 ports

Geography

The archipelago consists of the main island of Mayotte " Grande Terre " (also how the whole overseas territory itself, Mayotte ), and in the neighboring island " Petite Terre " ( Pamanzi ) and several smaller and uninhabited islands ( îlots ). The land area is in about 374 km ². Mayotte is about 9 million years, the oldest volcanic island in the Comoros. Coral reefs surround the islands. In the rainy season from November to March, the temperatures are higher than in the dry season. The highest point is Mont Benara on the main island with 660 meters. The capital Mamoudzou is also located on the main island, while the international airport is Dzaoudzi on Petite Terre.

Population

From 160 301 inhabitants 64.7 % were born in Mayotte in accordance with 2002 census, 3.9 % in other French regions. 28.1% had migrated from the neighboring independent Komoreninseln, 2.8% from Madagascar and the remaining 0.5 % from other countries. In July 2004 178.438 inhabitants were counted, of which more than half were younger than 20 years.

98 % of the population are Sunni Muslims. But the official language is French, although, is spoken mainly Mahorisch, a variant of the closely related to the Swahili Comoro.

Up to one third of the population ( 70,000 of 200,000 in 2007) illegal immigrants from poorer neighboring islands who dare the crossing to Mayotte in kwassa - kwassa mentioned boats to here under harsh conditions, but at much more attractive wages than at home to work on plantations.

History

Mayotte was acquired in 1841 by France. As the only group of islands in the archipelago in the vote in 1974, it received the connections to France upright and waived as to the independence. The state of the Comoros rises since then claim to Mayotte and does not recognize its affiliation to France. This one is based on a UN resolution of the year 1979.

In a referendum on 29 March 2009, the inhabitants of Mayotte majority advocated that the area should be given the powers of the Overseas Departments and Overseas Regions in accordance with Article 73 of the Constitution of France. This Mayotte since March 31, 2011, the 101st department of France. It was on 1 January 2014 as Area outermost ( " OMR "), part of the European Union.

Policy

Mayotte is represented in the French National Assembly by two members (since June 2012) and in the Senate by two senators. From 1976 to 2001 was a territorial entity of Mayotte ( territorial collectivity ) in accordance with Article 72 of the Constitution, received in July 2001, the name Departmental collectivity and 2007 the status of a collectivity d' outre- mer ( " Overseas Corporate Body " ) pursuant to Article 74 of Mayotte has a General Council and is 2011 overseas Territory since March 31, but is different from them by the end of a transitional period, no part of the European Union. Nevertheless, every night refugees, the women often come up pregnant on the island, as are French citizens automatically Mayotte born children. Today, more than 60,000 illegal immigrants live in Mayotte, mostly people from the surrounding islands. On the island, a small contingent of French soldiers of Détachement de Légion Etrangère de Mayotte ( French Foreign Legion ) is stationed today.

Mayotte is not consulted in accordance with Article 3, Section 1 of the Central Committee of the customs territory of the European Community.

Legal Status

Since 2014, on the island of French law. The inhabitants of Mayotte could until 31 December 2013 to decide which law applies to them, either:

  • The general ( French ) law as it applies in the European France ( Civil Code, notaries, administration, courts, etc. )

Or

  • The so-called statut personnel, then that European law does not apply, nor secularism. This status is only possible for the Muslim inhabitants of Mayotte and immigrants from the Comoros Islands or from the north-west of Madagascar. The case law is carried out by Islamic Kadis. It relates to the legal status of women (including unilateral divorce, polygamy ), inheritance (for example, discrimination based on religious affiliation ) and the bottom right. There are numerous madrasas. According to Muslim law marriages are over the age of 15 years.

The women have a relatively strong position in the mahorischen society. They are traditionally the homeowners. The men go to their wives and leave their home in the event of divorce, so they have some financial security. Every man must build for his daughters or sisters a house or floor. The houses are inherited from mothers to daughters. The families are relatively unstable, which is reflected in a high divorce rate, but also Wiederverheiratungsrate. Distinctions are often filed by women, which is not a social disgrace. Officially polygamy has recently banned. The boys pull at the age of 14 years in traditional mud huts ( Bangas ) next to the parents' home to be self-employed. The Bangas be passed from brother to brother. The girls continue to live in the parental home.

The legal peculiarity of the statut personnel has been a barrier to the full integration of Mayotte in the French State and the European Union. With the 2011 made ​​integration the legal system should be adapted to that of the mother country. On 1 January 2014 Mayotte received the status of an area in the outermost and has been part of the EU. From this point, is mandatory under French law.

On March 29, 2009, a referendum was held on whether Mayotte to be transformed into a full-fledged French département. With a turnout of 61.4 percent voted 95.2 percent said " yes."

Management

Mayotte is divided into 17 municipalities ( communes), and in 19 cantons, which coincide spatially with each of the municipalities. Only the municipality Mamoudzou is divided into three cantons. There are no arrondissements.

Traffic

  • Total 93 km it secured 72 km
  • Of which unsurfaced 21 km

International Airports

Ports

  • Dzaoudzi
  • " Longoni " ( Koungou )
  • Ferry service from Mamoudzou to Dzaoudzi

There is neither rail nor artificial waterways in Mayotte.

Economy

The island lives mainly from import duties, the agricultural economy, the posted time on French officials and to a small extent on tourism. Most goods must be imported. The largest economic partners are France and the Comoros, which together handle about 95 % of foreign trade. Currency of Mayotte is the euro.

Sports

Mayotte is neither a member of the football world governing body FIFA nor the CAF African, but has a football team.

Air table

Flag and coat of arms of Mayotte Forms of state Head of government Comoro Islands Dzaoudzi Pamandzi International Airport Comorian language Qadi Cantons of France Chirongui Ouangani Chiconi Acoua Bandraboua Guadeloupe Auvergne (region) Burgundy Centre (French region) Champagne-Ardenne Limousin Lorraine (region) Lower Normandy Picardy Poitou-Charentes Angola Benin Burundi The Gambia Ghana Guinea Cameroon Mali Mauritius Namibia Niger Tanzania Central African Republic Madeira Ceuta Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Integrated Authority File
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