Ministry of Interior (Italy)
The Italian Ministry of the Interior (Italian Ministero dell'Interno ) is one of the ministries of the Italian Government. After his seat in the Viminale on the Viminal in Rome it is unofficially called short Viminale. Acting Interior Minister Angelino Alfano is.
Tasks
The Ministry of Interior is responsible for public safety, immigration and asylum, citizenship, religious affairs, elections, fire-brigade and civil defense as well as for relations with the self-governing authorities (regions, provinces and municipalities ) and the supervision of it for their field offices of national authorities.
Organization
Central Organization
The political leadership consists of the ministers and secretaries of state more. The latter are in Italy No officials but politicians. Unlike some other ministries, the departments are grouped into departments ( Dipartimenti ). Ministries without departments have a Secretary General, as head of department; these, there are not here. The corresponding tasks are performed by the heads of departments.
- Main Department of Internal Affairs and territioriale ( Dipartimento per gli Affari Interni e Territoriali ) (4 departments )
- Department for Civil Liberties and Immigration ( Dipartimento delle libertà civili e dell'immigrazione ) (6 units )
- Department of Public Safety ( Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza ) ( 12 departments )
- Department for the fire department, emergency services and civil defense ( Dipartimento dei vigili del Fuoco del Soccorso Pubblico e della Difesa Civile ) (9 departments )
- Department of human and material resources ( Dipartimento per le Politiche del Personale dell'Amministrazione Civile e per le Risorse Strumentali finanziarie e ) (2 departments )
In addition, the Ministry are still some central, administratively autonomous organizations, including the Higher School of Administration ( Scuola Superiore dell'Amministrazione dell'Interno ).
After the dissolution of the Ministry of Interior has since 2007 SISDE not have its own domestic intelligence service more. The successor organization is subordinate to the Italian Prime Minister.
The Department of Public Safety reports to the Italian State Police ( Polizia di Stato ). She also coordinates the work of all the national police forces of the country, including the Carabinieri and the Guardia di Finanza. The Direzione Investigativa anti- Mafia, one consisting of members of the national police forces police organization to combat the Mafia and similar criminal organizations, the Department is under as well. The Head of Department is Chief of the State Police and as "the Director General for Public Security " national police coordinator.
Peripheral organization
Except for a few special cases ( autonomous regions and provinces ), there is in every Italian province of a representation of the central government, the prefecture or " Territorial Office of the Government " is called. It is headed by a prefect. He maintains relations of the state to the self-governing bodies of the provinces, cities and municipalities and oversees the administrative work that the local authorities on behalf of the State afford ( for example, prior and registration offices ). Is a provincial capital and capital of a region, the local prefect also holds connection to the regional government. In addition, he oversees the offices and branches of government ministries, regions and provinces. The prefect is among other things responsible for general order and security in the province. These tasks are carried out on behalf of the government, but the prefectures and their employees are subject to the Department of the Interior and the Ministry of Interior Affairs territioriale.
The Department of Public Safety under stand as police authorities at the provincial level, the police headquarters ( Questura ). The respective police commissioner ( commissioner ) is not only head of the state police in the province but also police coordinator on site. The police headquarters and in some cases the subordinate police stations have police registration offices, offices for foreigners and the like. Special branches of the organization Polizia di Stato have a different, often regional structure and are subject to the Department as a rule immediately.
The Home Office is also responsible for the fire service in Italy. The corresponding Department are under fire brigade commands at the level of regions and provinces. The " Department of Civil Defense " ( Civil Protection ) ( Dipartimento della Protezione Civile ) was made years ago to the Office of the Prime Minister, because it is now is a multi-agency organization that works on the principle of subsidiarity.
History
The history of the Italian Interior Ministry goes back to the State Secretariat of the Dukes of Savoy. On February 17, 1717 announced Victor Amadeus II in two secretariats, one for Foreign Affairs and one for internal affairs. There was also a senior secretary for war. In the train of the revolution of 1848 and the imposed Constitution Charles Albert ( Statuto Albertino ), the State Secretariat for Internal Affairs in the Ministry of Internal Affairs was renamed. The remaining six then existing secretariats were given the new designation Ministry. Their manager, formerly called Secretaries, were now called ministers, while their deputies, undersecretaries, retained their designation. For this reason, in Italy there are now ministers and "Under Secretaries of State ", but no secretaries of state, which is a synonym for ministers in this case.
The House of Savoy was in 1848 with his Kingdom of Sardinia - Piedmont at the top of the Italian unification movement. In this kingdom 1861, the old Italian states were integrated and this then renamed the Kingdom of Italy. For this reason, the Constitution of 1848 was the first Italian Constitution in force until 1946. The Piedmontese government departments and all other institutions and authorities were Italian.
The Constitution of 1848 showed that it was the executive with the King and the ministers who together formed the government. A prime minister saw the Constitution does not before, not even dependent on the confidence of Parliament Government. Nevertheless, the Savoy both left as a constitutional monarch in the so -called " Liberal Italy " until 1925.
Lack constitutional status and its own administrative substructure and because of the dependence of King and Parliament, the Prime Minister at that time a very weak position. For this reason he had to fascist dictatorship in his office most powerful Interior Ministry. Often the offices of Prime Minister and Interior Minister were even performed in a personal union. The importance of the MOI was based on the Napoleonic model created strictly centralized state structure. The country was divided into provinces where the prefect of the Interior Ministry penetrated the Roman laws and arrangements with an iron fist. Self-governing bodies at the provincial level, there was not, at the local level hardly, and these were eliminated by fascism later.
After the proclamation of the Republic ( 1946) and the entry into force of the new Constitution (1948 ) continued in Italy, a decentralization process that continues to this day and has now reached the limit for federalism. Not only to municipalities and provinces received their self-governing bodies, even regions with its own constitution, its own parliament and its own government have been established. At these levels, the government in Rome and thus especially the Interior Ministry was gradually lost many skills. Be considered as an advantage continues to be a national police organization and a state fire service, both of which are retained by the Viminale. Not without controversy, however, are the prefects in the provinces, which are considered centralized remnant. Between Rome and the local authorities they play today rather a mediating and facilitating role.
The Italian Interior Ministry had its headquarters to 1865 in Turin. In the train of the transfer of the capital, there was then to Florence and Rome in 1871. First service building in Rome until 1925, the Palazzo Braschi (pronounced " Braski " ) in the Piazza Navona. This usually had the Prime Minister 's official residence. In 1925, then moved to the newly constructed Viminale, by the then Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti in 1911 had (including the Cabinet Room ) commissioned. Benito Mussolini used from 1922 to reside until 1943 as " head of government " in other palaces. From 1944 to 1961, the prime minister were based, in turn, the Ministry of Interior on the Viminal, then they received in the Palazzo Chigi next to the Parliament its own appropriate service headquarters.