Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

In the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there were six major departments: the constable, the marshal, the seneschal, the chamberlain, the butler and the chancellor. The first four were the big offices. At times, there were bailiffs, viscounts, and castellans. In essence, these offices came from the northern French feudalism of the 11th century, home of the Crusaders nobility of Outremer. As they continued to develop in France and England at the same time, this did not happen in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, where their development almost came to a standstill. Therefore, the contents and functions of the offices soon distinguished from those of the countries of origin of the Crusaders, the office structure of the crusader state in comparison to the more modern European monarchies looked archaic.

The following list is not complete, especially since the names and dates of officials are partly unknown.

Constable

The constable commanded the army, paid mercenaries and taught in legal cases involving the military. He was the most important officials of a realm that almost was constantly at war.

Simon (before 1108 - after 1115 )
Hugo Caulis ( 1120 )
Eustace I. Garnier (1123)
William I of Bures (1123-1142)
Manasseh of Hierges (1142-1152)
Humphrey II of Toron (1152-1179)
Amalric of Lusignan (1179-1194)
John of Ibelin (1194-1200)
Walter of Montbéliard (1206-1211)
Odo of Montbéliard (1220-1244)
Philip of Montfort (c. 1244)
John of Ibelin (1251-1258)
William of Botron (1258-1262)
Balian of Ibelin (1268-1277)
Richard of Neublans (from 1277 )
Simon of Montolif (around 1284? )
Baldwin of Ibelin (c. 1286)
Amalric of Tyre (1289-1291)

Marshal

The Marshal was subordinate to the constable and apparently its vassal. He led the mercenaries and took care of the horses of the army ( the stables ) and distributed the spoils of a victorious battle. The Office had little meaning.

Sado (1125-1154)
Odo of St. Amand (1155-1156)
Joscelin III. of Edessa (1156-1159)
Wilhelm (1159-1171)
Gerhard von Pugi (1169-1174)
Johann ( to 1179 )
Gérard de Ridefort ( to 1179 )
Walter Durus (1185-1192)
Hugo Martin (c. 1191 )
Arnulf ( 1193 )
Johann (1194-1200)
Aymar de Lairon (around 1206-1216 )
Jakob von Dournai (1211-1217)
Philip of Cossie ( 1250 )
Gottfried von coffin Ines (by 1254 )
John of Gibelet (1259-1262)
William Canet (1269-1273)
Jacob Vidal ( 1277 )

Seneschal

The seneschal was less important than in Europe in Jerusalem. The Seneschal arranged the coronation ceremony and supervised the Haute Cour in the absence of the king. He oversaw the royal castles and organized the royal finances. He collected the royal taxes.

Hugh of St Omer (around 1100-1104 )
Gervaise Bazoches ( to 1104)
Hugo Chostard ( 1112 )
Anscherius (around 1122? )
Isaac (c. 1149 )
Johann ( to 1151 )
Guido the Frenchman ( 1164 )
Miles of Plancy (around 1168-1171 )
Ralph ( to 1176 )
Joscelin III. of Edessa (1176-1190)
Obertus Nepos (1187-1192? )
Rudolf of Tiberias (1194-1219)
Raymond of Gibelet ( 1240 )
Baldwin of Ibelin (c. 1256)
Gottfried von coffin Ines (1254-1269)
Robert of Cresque ( 1269 )
Olivier de Termes ( 1269 )
John of Grailly (1272-1278)
Odo Poilechien (1278-1286)
Baldwin of Ibelin

Treasurer

The eunuch was involved in the royal household and his servants, moreover, had more honorable duties, such as the taking of vows. He had his own fief from which he received his salary.

Strabulon ( 1099 )
Gottfried ( 1099 )
Gerhard (1108-1115)
Johann (1119-1128)
Ralph (1129-1130)
Joscelin ( to 1138 )
Miles ( to 1138 )
Nicholas (1150-1152)
Gauvain of La Roche ( to 1156 )
Gerhard von Pugi ( to 1169 )
Amalric of Lusignan (1175-1178)
Johann ( to 1179 )
Raimund ( to 1184 )
Balian of Jaffa (1183-1185)
Thomas (1190-1197)
Henry of Canelli ( 1192 )
Johann ( to 1194)
Rohard of Caiaphas (1201-1220)
Raynald of Caiaphas (1229-1232)
John of Cossie (1232-1250)
Philip of Cossie (1250-1269)

Cupbearer

The duties of the butler are not known, it seems to be even more so that the Office has the departure from Jerusalem to Acre did not survive.

Winrich ( 1099 )
Gervais ( to 1107 )
Pagan ( around 1120-1136 )
Robert Crispin (1145-1146)
Odo of St. Amand (1164-1167)
Miles (1185-1186)

Chancellor

The firm is an interesting example of the petrification of the offices in the 11th century. It consisted of only a few secretaries and scribes, and was never a great administration, as in Europe. Chancellor were often clerics, bishops or archbishops were often, sometimes always retained the office as Registrar. The relatively unimportance of the Registrar reflects the relative decentralization of royal authority compared with countries such as France or England, who developed more and more central authority at the same time.

Arnold
Pagan (1115-1128)
Amelinus ( 1130 )
Franco (1133-1135? )
Helias (1136-1142)
Radulf, Bishop of Bethlehem (1146-1174)
Friedrich, Bishop of Acre ( 1150 )
William, Archbishop of Tyre (1174-1183)
Lambert (by 1177 )
Bandinus (1188-1192)
Peter, Bishop of Tripoli (1185-1192)
Odo ( 1190 )
Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre (1192-1200)
Radulf, Bishop of Sidon (1206-1215)
Simon, Archbishop of Tyre (1226-1227)
Maregnan ( to 1234)

Bailli

The Bailiff (or bailiff ) administered the kingdom like a king, or in the absence of his minority with the skills of a regent, for example during the captivity of Baldwin II and the Youth and disease of Baldwin IV in the 13th century, the Bailli ruled essentially self- King and was the most powerful man in the kingdom, especially since the kings were usually foreign monarchs who not permanently lived in the Middle East.

Eustace I. Garnier (1123)
William I of Bures (1123-1124)
Miles of Plancy ( 1173 )
Raymond III. of Tripoli (1173-1177)
Raynald of Chatillon ( 1177 )
Guy of Lusignan (1180-1182)
Raymond III. of Tripoli (1182-1186)
John of Ibelin (1206-1210)
Odo of Montbéliard (1223-1227)
Thomas Calan (1227-1228)
Odo of Montbéliard (1228-1240) ( with Balian of Sidon, from 1229 to 1239, Garnier l' Aleman, 1229-1231 and Walter Penenpié, 1240)
John of Ibelin (1246-1248)
Johann Fuinon (1248-1249)
John of Ibelin (1249-1254)
John of Ibelin (1254-1256)
John of Ibelin (1256-1258)
Gottfried von coffin Ines (1259-1261)
Balian of Ibelin (1276-1277)
Roger of San Severino (1277-1282)
Odo Poilechien (1282-1286)
Baldwin of Ibelin ( 1286 -? )
Amalric of Lusignan (1289-1291)

Viscounts and castellans

The two offices were sometimes perceived by a person, sometimes of two. Sometimes, however, also one or both offices was not occupied. They were appointed by the King and inhabited the Tower of David, their tasks, however, are not precisely known. Probably The Viscount took tasks of judicial, administrative and economic use of the entire crown domain true while the steward responsible for administrative duties in the city fortress Jerusalem true - probably with a military focus. With the increasing distribution of the lands of the royal domain as a fief to a vassal of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Office of the Viscount lost its importance and finally disappeared apparently. The office of steward of Jerusalem was unnecessary and not occupied after the loss of the city to the Muslims in 1187.

Anselm ( Castellan, 1110 )
Pisellus ( Viscount, 1109-1115 )
Anschetinus ( Viscount, 1120-1132 )
Rohard the Elder ( both?, 1135-1152 )
Arnold ( Viscount, 1155-1181? )
Odo of St. Amand ( both in 1160 )
Rohard the Younger ( both 1163-1177 )
Peter of Creseto (warden to 1173? )
Balian of Jaffa (warden to April / May 1178 )
Peter of Creseto (warden to November 1178 )
Rohard the Younger (warden to 1179 )
Peter of Creseto (warden to 1181 )

Cup-bearer Simon, Constable of Jerusalem Manasses of Hierges Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre John of Arsuf Balian of Arsuf Amalric, Prince of Tyre Joscelin III, Count of Edessa Haute Cour of Jerusalem Hugh of Saint Omer Gervaise of Bazoches Baldwin of Ibelin, Seneschal of Cyprus Jean I. de Grailly Pagan the Butler Frederick de la Roche Baldwin II of Jerusalem Raymond III, Count of Tripoli John of Ibelin (jurist)

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