Old Freiberg to Teplitz Post Road

The Old Freiberg Teplitz Post Road is one of the Erzgebirgspässen and was a transportation route from the mountain town over the crest of the eastern Ore Mountains in the North Bohemian spa and summer resort of Teplitz.

Prehistory

On behalf of the Elector Friedrich August I of Saxony, a command of great consequence was adopted on September 19, 1721. It said, among other things, that the elector " to let designate to take the bißhero seasoned in some places höltzernen, runaway, but especially to those set up country - and post roads, stone pillars and on selfsame the paths and distance of Oerter, gemeynet ". The implementation of this arrangement led to a whole system of today some still existing post mile column. By this measure, the Saxon ruler hoped above all a revival of trade and manufactories in the Electorate of Saxony, and greater amenities while traveling.

Already since 1713 endeavored Adam Friedrich Wroth, who later became land and boundary commissioner to determine by means of the so-called " Geometric car " the distances between the Saxon cities conscientiously.

1722 sent the Zürner based on its survey results targets for the inscriptions of the five Freiberger distance columns to the Council of the City of Freiberg. Thereafter, should the distance column in front of the main gate of the Freiberg fortifications, the Erbischen gate, include the following inscriptions are carved into the direction of today's Post Road: " Freyberg for female stone 4 ½ St., Gräntze 8 St., Töeplitz 12 St. "

It can be seen that already existed then a measured road from Freiberg to Teplitz. Converted to units in use today are derived from the above specified hours following distances: from Freiberg to Mrs. Stone 20.4 km; to the border 36.5 km and 54.4 km to Teplitz.

Start of the survey

The measurement of the Post Road in the summer of 1722 " with Leipziger distance", ie. Than continuation of the beginning in Leipzig Post Road On July 20, 1722 Adam Friedrich Zürner instructed his brother in charge of the Measurements of this street Carl Friedrich Zürner to: "First must Leipziger Distantz about Colditz, without touching Grimsby, ACCURAT unto Noßnische Post Hauß calculated that instrument set up and it on the Frey Berger ordentl. Country Road, on which at all times in the ordentl. To drive Gleiße until Freyberg be measured ... ... From Freyberg, allwo in office just as it is done, the right roads to Toepliz must be questioned to our Gräntze exactly at the post office. "

Unfortunately, the contemporary measurement protocols Zürners could not yet be determined, but it is possible based on other archival and written sources as well as the results of several field surveys, largely to reconstruct the path of the old Freiberg Teplitz Post Road.

History of the Post Road on the Saxon side

On the issue of the Saxon postal map of Wroth of 1730 the Post Road from Freiberg to Teplitz severe overall generalized and misrepresented in several places. From their results in the following route: Freiberg - Weissenborn - Burkersdorf - woman stone - Reichenau - Hermsdorf / Erzgeb. - Customs House - border - Vltava ( Moldava ) - Cost ( Košťany ) - Teplitz ( Teplice ). On this route at that time frequented a horse post or a walking postman on foot.

The Post House in Freiberg was elected to the starting point of the measurement of the post road to Teplitz. The measuring instrument in Geometric car showed here at a level of 22284 rods of Leipzig. Before Erbischen gate began Teplitzer road. She crossed the then Roßplatz ( area before the current main post, now post space ) and followed today's post road up to their confluence with the Werner court. There was formerly the famous restaurant " Wild Man " or " slate ". At its "guest stall" ( Ausspannung ) bent the road east from Teplice (now the lowest part of the woman Steiner Street) to the time not yet canalized Münzbach and reached the major road junction at the Gasthof "ABC". In this area the quarter milestone was with the series number 45 its location. "From here in 1678 was the mountain pass " over until she reached the Lerchenberg or Karpacz. There, the ratios of Teplice road must at times have been disastrous, because the dirt road was extended to a vielgleisigen defile what is already 1673 a carter complained: " to Mr. Michael Hillgerß Refier the Höhlwege " Bohemian and other wagons were often overturned, however, have Hilger never done anything to Wegbesserung. In winter, this place is barely passable. 1849 Today's woman Steiner Street was realigned at government expense. They followed the old "Long Rinner Kirchsteig " and was now called New Frauensteiner road. " Until about 1840, the Münzbachtalstraße was used as Paßstraße for female stone " during the course and the name Teplitzer road gradually fell into oblivion.

At the intersection of Teplice road with the carbon transit road, "¾ hour away from the city, a Post Electoral hours pillar" is said to have been found. If this information is true, it could well have been the half- mile column with the row number 46.

Before Weissenborn crossed the old post road the Freiberger Mulde and led past the upper end of Weissenborn. Here is mentioned in 1833 Chausseehaus.

Another half- mile column (row number 50) was built in Süßenbach on Burkersdorfer Rainung. The distance from Freiberg to Süßenborn is about 7 km, so that the post mile column with the row numbers 47-49 logically could be established. In Süßenbach was located 1824 " with some field crops BANDED inn on the road from Freiberg to Teplitz and Mrs. Stone ." A coming of Lichtenberg arm of the so-called butter road to Dresden once touched the place.

The Post Road went on across the fields of Burkersdorfer goods. Here quarter milestone was set up with the series number 51 on Zürners times. This stone " said to have been ruiniret in 7 -year-old war be, which merely the foundation still exists ."

A full mile column had to be built near the former Fischerguts at Burkersdorf. About the transportation cost of 12 pence it says in the contemporary records, "Carter wage of the gantzen mile column sub. No. 52 From the CASTLE Mrs. Stein to the berber Dorffer cattle to lead the way (pass ) and selbige at the Marque unload ". Burkersdorf belonged to the largest villages of the Office Mrs. Stone. At the highest point of the site the Freiberg - Teplitz Post Road cut after Friedersdorf (now part of the municipality Klingenberg ) leading Butterstraße. At this point, it is reported of a tavern and a blacksmith in 1828.

In the so-called Hofebusch (including farm- Hufenbüschgen ) at the Frauensteiner Rainung, on royal land, another quarter milestone ( series number 53) was established. The post road ran here on the two Quarzitschieferthärtlingen past White stone and butter pots.

The official city woman stone reached Wroth at his surveying trip through the Freiberger goal. In the market place the meter of his car Geometric indicated a distance of 26,823 rods of Leipzig. That converts to 121.5 km. Here he had a distance column erect with four magazine pages, which still exists today and the year 1725 bears. Soon after leaving the city woman stone by the Bohemian Gate put Wroth at 27,000 rods the location of the half- mile column with the row number 54 on the field of city clerk Mäcken in the Reichenau hallway formalized what the woman Steiner town clerk had to pay 10 pence driving wages.

Southwest of Reichenau led the post road across the local Erbgericht related fields. Here Zürner instructed to draw up the quarter milestone with the series number 55. At a subsequent review found that this stone was toppled, he lacked " the Huth, 2 clamps and 3 pins ".

Wroth wrote before to put on Gottlieb Richter fields to Reichenau an all- mile column with the number 56. For the transport of 21 pence driving wages were to be paid.

The low- village of Reichenau was intersected by the leading of Rechenberg to Dresden road, while separated from the post road leading to Teplitz the connecting road on Seyde to Altenberg. At the junction of these two roads, a stone with the inscription " Old Mountain" was built around 1860, which belonged to the system of royal Saxon milestones. Under cross- forest Teplitzer post road led past the remains of a 1430 destroyed Sanctuary. The ruins of this "Desert Church " were demolished in 1877. Today she remembers to only a memorial stone bearing the words " church in 1877 ."

Another milestone quarter ( series number 57) should be placed in Hermsdorf " Samuel Preußler Guthes garden ". As a result of the greater distance of the stone woman driving wages was 1 Taler 4 pennies. Quite regularly followed as the next one "half- mile column no. 58 also after Hermßdorff to George Fischer garden fence ". For the transport of Ms. Stone 1 Taler had to be spent 8 dimes.

The fourth milestone No. 59 was built in the Hermsdorfer customs house on the side of the building Zolleinnehmers Weigand. In a subsequent check, it was discovered that this stone was completely destroyed during the Seven Years' War by the Imperial snipers. At the same time the lack of " pillar hours aufn skids forest, ohnweit the Bohemian frontier " made ​​aware of their new production 9 Taler 2 pennies have been brought into abutment. The said customs house has a long history. In Hermsdorf was from time immemorial a customs post. In 1683, put the tax collector Michael Meyer to Einsiedel at his own expense a convoy above the village on Hemmschuhwald to, in which at his request, the border customs and Landakzise intake were laid.

Immediately next to the houses of Neurehefeld today is the nature reserve " stumbling block ". This name is as old as the leader through this forest road, because the so-called wheel chocks were necessary as brake pads for the teams and wagons on a sloping road.

Between the sources of deer creek and those of Holperbaches the old Freiberg Teplitz Post Road crossed the border between the Electorate of Saxony and the Kingdom of Bohemia. On the Saxon side was built here in the 19th century the settlement Neurehefeld while on the Bohemian side, several houses, including the famous restaurant " fisherman's cottage " grouped around the 1884 built border station Vltava ( Moldava ).

History of the Post Road on Bohemian page

On Bohemian territory not post mile columns were built, but again Zürner undertook surveys. At that time, the gentlemen here Bilin ( Bílina ) and Teplitz extended in Leitmeritzer circle.

The border crossings and the current location Nove Mesto (New Town) today joins a paved road over the previous Glaserbergstrasse. On either side of it are long trenches seen the remains of the old course of the road are.

Nove Mesto is almost at the highest point of prominent southern flounder panel of the Ore Mountains. From here, today you get to very precipitous road to Mikulov ( Niklas Berg). This road was newly created in the last third of the 19th century, as their old course had proved to be too steep, and especially when the snow melts as barely passable. From Mikulov one enters the Bourlivec Valley to Hrob ( monastery grave ). At times, however Zürners the shorter connection via the 869 m high Bouřňák ( striker ) seems to have been preferred. West of the present road between Nove Mesto and the mountain plateau is located at longer distances an undeniable, about 2 to 3 m wide, extended trench. After finding the site of the escarpment of the Erzgebirge was about 300 meters west of the summit plateau and overcome as a continuation of this trench. There are several, up to about 6 m deep, staggered and south-facing ravines. According to the authors, these are the remnant of a centuries- old pass road. For example, are known in the loess of the Kraichgau hills between Bruchsal and Heilbronn, up to 14 m deep, extended ancient " caves " of approximately 300 km in length.

At the foot of striker to bundle the numerous ravines. At one of them could be discovered a stone cross with the inscription " Anton Steidl, the November 8, 1808 ". The extended paths strive formerly quite significant city Hrob to ( monastery grave ). Is the former King Hill, a 449 meter-high hill, which according to King Friedrich Wilhelm III on the north side. has been appointed by Prussia, in 1835 for the first time visited this and the good prospect praised.

The area between Teplice and Hrob was largely changed in recent years from the North Bohemian brown coal mining operation, so that no residues of the above costs ( Kostany ) leading post road can be expected.

History

From the year 1680 is reported that due to the plague raging in Bohemia few mountain passes of the Ore Mountains were allowed to be used, this also counted " the streets of the convent grave after Hermsdorfer Customs House ".

Emperor Joseph II used this post road in 1779. At a house on the northern end of Nove Mesto (New Town) remembered a plaque of the Mountain Association Teplitz to the place where the emperor held a lunch break.

Following the adoption of the Saxon Road mandate of 1781 was begun to expand the Freiberg - Teplitz Post Road Chaussee default. So between Freiberg and the border were several sections with slag, which at that time was the best road building materials, padded.

In 1858, the two postal rates No. 258 Mrs. Stone Freiberg and No. 260 Mrs. Stone Teplitz wrong on this street. In the following years the Royal Saxon milestones were erected on this post courses, almost all are today by Mrs. Stone to the border still exists:

• Station Frauenstein I ( Marketplace - original location at the branch direction Kleinbobritzsch )
• Station Frauenstein II ( as a guide - kilometer, B 171)
• Branch stone Reichenau ( as a guide, ridge road / street or butter Obergebirgische Post Road )
• Half milestone Reichenau ( replica, ridge road / parking Weicheltmühle - Original in the municipal office Hartmannsdorf- Reichenau )
• Quite milestone Hermsdorf / Erzgeb. (Car park inn Buschhaus - previously temporarily Neuhermsdorf on site Wettin )
• Half milestone Hermsdorf / Erzgeb. ( between branch and lime works Neuhermsdorf - were displaced as road maintenance stone in Holzhau, Mulde Valley Road )
• Branch Rehefeld stone fence house (parking brake shoe )
• Quite milestone Rehefeld Fence House ( Hemmschuhwald towards the border crossing Neurehefeld )

The road section directly over the western tip of the " striker " seems to have been abandoned in favor of the connection via Niklas Berg in the 19th century. The latter road lost by in 1885 the passenger passed railway line Bienenmuhle - Monastery grave finally its former importance. The still existing between Moldava and Hrob rail link is characterized by remarkable engineering structures ( four 30 m high bridge, 300 meters long S-shaped Hirschberg tunnel and the 210 m long watershed tunnel ) and significant slope ratios ( strongest slope 1:28, smallest curve radius 250 m).