Oude Kerk (Amsterdam)
The Oude Kerk ( Old Church ) is the oldest surviving structure in the Dutch capital Amsterdam.
History
At the location of the Oude Kerk was in the 13th century a small wooden chapel with cemetery. Mother Church was the Church of Ouderkerk, but the church grew rapidly in Amsterdam and was 1334 independent parish church, which was dedicated to St. Nicholas. At the beginning of the 15th century of this in the west of the city center Nieuwe Kerk ( New Church ) was abgepfarrt whence are derived the respective names.
The original building of the wooden church had been in the second half of the 13th century, replaced by a stone hall building. After 1300 was the construction of a three-aisled hall church, that was probably the first hall church in the Netherlands. Around 1330 the church received a new choir, 1330-1350 wider aisles were added. In later times, the church was enlarged to the east and built a five-sided ambulatory. 1380-1412 took place in the north of the cultivation of the St. George's Chapel, 1450-1560 in the south of the cultivation of Sebastian Chapel. In the 16th century the nave was raised and enlarged the tower.
1566 was the medieval interior Iconoclasm victim after 1578 was a redesign for the Protestant service. From 1584 to 1611, the church served as a stock exchange.
1951 the church had to be closed due to the danger of collapse and was restored for 24 years. A new renovation took place from 1994 to 1998. The Oude Kerk is probably the only church in the world, the church square is almost entirely surrounded by brothels.
Burial Oude Kerk
In the Oude Kerk located at the 2,500 graves in which about 10,000 Amsterdam citizens are buried, including:
- Jacob van Heemskerck, Admiral of Holland
- Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch organist and composer
- Adriaen Block, dealers and cartographer
- Jacob de Graeff Dircksz, regent of Amsterdam
- Cornelis de Graeff, Dutch politician and regent of Amsterdam
- Andries de Graeff, Dutch politician and regent of Amsterdam
- Pieter Lastman, artists
- Willem van der Zaan, Dutch Admiral
- Laurens Bake, poet and writer
- Abraham van der Hulst, a Dutch admiral
- Saskia van Uylenburgh, wife of Rembrandt van Rijn
- Andries Bicker, Dutch politician and regent of Amsterdam
- Cornelis Hooft, regent of Amsterdam
- January Jacobszoon Hinlopen, businessman, regent of Amsterdam
- Kiliaen van Rensselaer, one of the founders of New Amsterdam in Manhattan known nowadays as New York.
- Frans Banning Cocq, master Rembrandt van Rijn's paintings in The Night Watch
Organ
The organ was enlarged from 1724-26 Christian father, a student of Arp Schnitger, built with 45 stops in the North German tradition of Johann Caspar Müller to nine registers. Amendments were made in 1869 and 1879 C.F.G. Witte. A restoration is imminent.
- Couplers: I / II, III / II, II / P.
- Mood: Approx. 1/8 on a1 = 440 Hz, equal temperament.
Bells and Carillon
In the bell four bells hanging: Faith ( b0, ≈ 3700 kg, Ø 1.750 mm), Hope (d1, Ø 1.400 mm), Love (f1, Ø 1.170 mm) and freedom (b1, Ø 870 mm). The bells hang cranked Jochen and have always been rung by hand. In the bottom of the lantern spire carillon, which was originally cast in 1858 by François Hemony depends. The sequence of tones ranging from b0 ( ≈ 3400 kg ), c1, d1 chromatically to b4. Of the original 35 Hemony bells are today only the largest 14 obtained ( b0 to cis2 ), the others are of Eijsbouts. The carillon is tuned in meantone tuning. The Stokkenspieltisch was built by the bell foundry Eijsbouts 1991.
In the overlying tower lantern is a Uhrschlagglocke from the year 1505. Riders in the roof above the crossing depends since 2006 in place of a predecessor again an Angelus bell ( Ø 770 mm ) from the bell foundry Eijsbouts that is rung to the Lord's Prayer.