Parliament of Ireland

The Parliament of Ireland ( Irish na hÉireann Parlaimint, dt Parliament of Ireland ) was a legislative power in Ireland that existed from the Middle Ages until 1800. It consisted of the king of Ireland and two chambers: the Irish House of Commons (lower house ) and the Irish House of Lords (upper house ). The upper house was occupied by members of the nobility, while the lower house was directly elected. Over the centuries, the Parliament met in various locations in and outside of Dublin - the first recorded meeting took place in Castledermot ( Kildare County ) on 18 June 1264. Among the meeting places were so famous places such as Dublin Castle, Bluecoat School, Chichester House. The last meeting was the Irish House of Parliament in College Green.

History

The Parliament of Ireland was originally founded in the 13th century to represent the English community among the Anglo - Normans. The original Gaelic inhabitants were considered " outlaws " who could not vote. But in the 14th and 15th century, the number of English residents in Ireland it decreased dramatically - only a small enclave around Dublin known as the Pale, remained. Parliament was therefore mainly to the 17th century a forum of this enclave. The inhabitants of the Pale crowded then the King of England to play a more prominent role in Ireland in order to protect them from the Gaelic -Irish nobles. By Poynings ' Law ( 1494) the Parliament of Ireland to the English Parliament was subordinate and thus lost of power.

The role of the Irish Parliament changed in 1541, when Henry VIII the "Kingdom of Ireland ," calling and re- conquest of Ireland by the Tudors began. Due to the Protestant Reformation of the Tudors and the introduction of the Anglican Church, the political picture in Ireland changed because still the majority of the population of Roman Catholics was what led to violent clashes in the Irish Parliament. 1613-1615 electoral districts were therefore determined exactly for the Parliament, that the English and Scottish settlers constituted the majority of the members in the Irish Parliament. Well served the Irish Parliament - once again - the representation of the English, but now Protestant minority. The Anglo- Irish Parliament attempted to achieve independence from London in the time to frequently (unsuccessfully). In the early 18th century it continued to be successful for one to be convened every two years - previously this was dependent on the vagaries of the British king - soon after it reached even the permanent " presence ", a development similar to that of the British Parliament. Furthermore, the Parliament greater powers fought against the (parent) British Parliament as well as better terms of trade with Great Britain.

Many public ceremonies in Ireland based on the British parliament. The parliamentary season was officially opened with the speech from the throne of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who sat on a throne of purple velvet. In the sessions of the Parliament the most prosperous Anglo-Irish elite moved to Dublin, as this period was often accompanied by dances and celebrations. Above all, members of the nobility flocked to Dublin, where they lived in huge and richly decorated houses - initially in the northern part of Dublin, later in the new Georgian residences around Merrion Square and Fitzwilliam Square. Their presence in the city helped this to a true economic boom.

The House ( Irish House of Commons )

The members of the lower house were elected directly, but with a very limited voting rights. Roman Catholic people were not allowed to sit in parliament, even though they constituted the majority of the population. This lockout also affected the Presbyterians in Ulster. These populations were not allowed to choose the lower house Until the 90s of the 18th century into it.

The Irish executive under the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was not the House, but directly to the British government. The chairman of the House led the House speaker, who was elected directly from the House members - he was the controlling person of Parliament.

Known members of the Irish House of Commons

• Henry Grattan - later became an Irish member of the British House
• Arthur Wellesley - later 1st Duke of Wellington. He beat Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo and was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He represented his home district of Trim, County Meath in 1790-1796.
• William Conolly - a chairman. Conolly is today one of the most famous personalities, which has produced the Irish Parliament. Builders of Castletown House.

The House of Lords ( Irish House of Lords )

The Irish House of Lords was the upper house of the Parliament of Ireland.

Presided over the House of Lords had the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, who sits on the so-called ' wool bag " - a very large chair that neither arm nor had the backrest and the purple pad with wool from all three " estates " of the United Kingdom ( England, Scotland, Ireland) was filled.

Abolition of Parliament

Due to the Act of Union in 1800 and the consequent union of Great Britain and Ireland to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, the Irish Parliament was the British counterpart incorporated. Because of the Constitution, it was necessary for the implementation of the Act of Union that both the Irish and the British Parliament agreed to this law - the Irish parliament passed virtually his own resolution.